5月9日，美国特朗普政府宣布，已针对进口的飞机及零部件启动调查，考虑对其加征关税。为了强化竞 争力，以波音为代表的美国飞机行业构建了国际分工体系。通过以低成本进口大量零部件并高价出口飞 机的商业模式，对美国实现巨额贸易顺差做出了贡献。飞机关税将对本国产业造成打击。 通过以低成本进口大量零部件并高价出口飞机的商业模式，对美国实现巨额贸易顺差做出了 贡献。波音已连续11个季度出最终赤字，如果关税导致零部件进口成本上升，将进一步影响 收益…… 2024年，美国飞机类进口额为621亿美元，出口额为1236亿美元，远远超过进口额。波音向全球供应的 飞机有8成从美国出口。很多零部件和材料则依赖进口，飞机关税将动摇为美国巨额贸易顺差做出贡献 的本国产业。 波音因航空事故和质量问题等原因陷入了困境，已连续11个季度出最终赤字。如果关税导致零部件进口 成本上升，将进一步影响收益。 波音首席执行官凯利·奥尔特伯格（Kelly Ortberg）表示："我们是在（进口）交付后，出口（飞机）产 品。正在考虑是否有办法获得关税的退还"。 飞机关税还会影响稳定供应。全球的飞机产业已经在日本和欧洲等地建立了国际分工体制。日本的飞机 制造几乎 ...

Core Viewpoint - Boeing's reliance on imported components for aircraft manufacturing is under scrutiny due to potential tariffs, which could negatively impact its profitability and the overall U.S. trade surplus in the aviation sector [1][2]. Group 1: Trade and Tariffs - The U.S. government has initiated an investigation into the import of aircraft and components, considering tariffs that could affect Boeing's business model of importing low-cost parts and exporting high-priced aircraft [1]. - In 2024, the U.S. is projected to import $62.1 billion worth of aircraft while exporting $123.6 billion, highlighting a significant trade surplus in the aviation industry [2]. - The investigation will assess the dependency on foreign suppliers and potential subsidies from foreign governments, with a focus on national security implications [1]. Group 2: Boeing's Financial Challenges - Boeing has reported a net loss for 11 consecutive quarters, and increased costs from tariffs on imported components could further strain its financial performance [2][3]. - The CEO of Boeing, Kelly Ortberg, mentioned the possibility of seeking tariff refunds, indicating the company's concern over rising import costs [2]. Group 3: Supply Chain and Production Issues - The global aircraft industry has established an international division of labor, with significant contributions from Japanese manufacturers, which could be disrupted by potential tariffs [2][3]. - Boeing's production has been hampered by quality issues, leading to a backlog of 5,648 unfulfilled orders, which could take 6 to 7 years to clear [3]. - The average monthly delivery of components for the 787 aircraft has dropped to about 5 units, only one-third of pre-pandemic levels, indicating severe supply chain disruptions [3].