【环球时报综合报道】 编者的话： 中国悠久的文明与独特的发展道路一直吸引着世界的目光。对中国的 研究与认知在不同历史阶段、不同地区展现出丰富多元的视角。在"对华认知观察"深度认知系列报道的 第三篇中，阿尔及利亚学者、阿尔及利亚-中国友好协会主席伊斯梅尔·德贝什，英国知名学者、清华大 学当代国际关系研究院访问教授马丁·雅克，欧洲著名汉学家、德国哥廷根大学东亚文学与文化荣休教 授施寒微（Helwig Schmidt-Glintzer）将为我们讲述对华认知的历史经纬与现实意义。 " 中国研究正变得更为混合、多元 " 环球时报： 新中国成立后，您关注的一些国家的对华认知经历了几个阶段？各个阶段都有什么特点？ 伊斯梅尔 · 德贝什： 在我看来，新中国成立之后至上世纪90年代初，西方对华认知先是体现为冷战思维 下的妖魔化中国，后在制衡苏联的背景下逐步转为"中国正面且重要"。这一时期，社会主义阵营国家多 视中国为盟友，发展中国家则将中国当作反霸权伙伴。 上世纪90年代初至本世纪前十年，西方对华先呈现出"中国崩溃论"与"中国威胁论"交织的政冷经热认 知，后续在反恐和经济领域对中国需求上升且认可中国对全球经济的支撑作用，但仍暗 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses the evolving perceptions of China in Western countries, highlighting a trend of more nuanced and diversified understanding, alongside increasing polarization in opinions about China [1][2][9]. Group 1: Perceptions in France - In France, there is a growing dichotomy in perceptions of China, with more people viewing China positively due to its advanced technology and services, while simultaneously, a significant number of individuals express concerns about a "China threat" [2]. - The number of French citizens holding both positive and negative views about China is increasing, indicating a more pronounced division in public opinion [2]. Group 2: Perceptions in the United States - Polling data shows that from 2023 to 2025, the percentage of Americans with negative views of China remains high, with 81% and 77% expressing dislike in 2024 and 2025, respectively [3]. - Despite government narratives promoting "decoupling" from China, over half of Americans (53%) believe in the importance of friendly cooperation with China, reflecting a complex relationship between public sentiment and political discourse [3]. Group 3: Research Trends in the U.S. - The study of China in the U.S. is shifting from "engagement" to "strategic competition," with a focus on national security issues and a reliance on open-source intelligence for research [5]. - Young scholars are increasingly moving towards policy-oriented roles rather than traditional academic paths, indicating a shift in career trajectories within the field of China studies [6]. Group 4: Australia’s Understanding of China - A recent report from an Australian think tank critiques the misinterpretation of China's actions in the South China Sea, highlighting a polarized debate within Australia regarding its relationship with China [7]. - The report emphasizes the need for Australia to develop independent knowledge about China to balance security and diplomatic relations [8]. Group 5: Recommendations for Improved Understanding - Scholars suggest that both Europe and China should take steps to enhance mutual understanding, such as increasing educational exchanges and promoting cultural cooperation [13]. - The article advocates for using personal experiences to counteract macro-level narratives about China, emphasizing the importance of non-political connections and grassroots exchanges [12].

Core Insights - The article discusses the increasing recognition and understanding of China among various countries, particularly in the Global South, emphasizing the shift from cultural perceptions to a focus on China's economic growth drivers and institutional frameworks [1][5]. Group 1: Chinese Language Education - Chinese language education is rapidly expanding in Egypt, with 28 universities and over 20 high schools offering Chinese courses, and the number of students at the Confucius Institute at Cairo University rising from under 30 to nearly 4,000 [2]. - The UAE has initiated a "Hundred Schools Project" for Chinese language teaching, with 171 schools currently offering Chinese courses and 71,000 students learning the language [2]. Group 2: Research Institutions and Scholars - The number of research institutions and scholars focusing on China in the Middle East and Africa is increasing, with notable institutions in Egypt, such as the Pyramid Political and Strategic Studies Center and the Cabinet Information and Decision Support Center, producing experts on China [2][3]. - In Nigeria, the establishment of research institutions related to China has surged since 2018, with companies like Dangote Group creating research centers focused on China-Nigeria cooperation [3]. Group 3: Shifts in Research Focus - The focus of research on China has shifted from ancient civilization to development paths, cooperation models, and institutional advantages, reflecting a broader understanding of China's role in global affairs [5][8]. - In Indonesia, the research on China has evolved through three stages, from focusing on China's economic growth to exploring the Belt and Road Initiative and now deepening understanding of China's technological innovations [7]. Group 4: Economic and Political Influence - The growing interest in China among Global South countries is driven by China's increasing economic and political influence, with countries seeking to learn from China's experiences in poverty alleviation, economic growth, and infrastructure development [8][9]. - The trade volume between China and Arab countries is projected to reach $407.4 billion by 2024, prompting a need for Arab businesses to understand Chinese market rules and operational models [9]. Group 5: Geopolitical Context - Middle Eastern countries are increasingly valuing strategic cooperation with China, recognizing its constructive role in global issues such as climate change and energy crises [10]. - The deepening understanding of China has led to tangible development benefits for countries like Egypt, which has become the first African nation capable of satellite assembly and testing [10].