Core Insights - Recent research challenges the long-held belief that fish hovering in water is the most energy-efficient resting position, revealing that hovering fish actually burn twice the energy compared to resting states [2][3] Group 1: Fish Physiology and Behavior - All bony fish possess a unique organ called the swim bladder, which allows them to achieve near-perfect neutral buoyancy, similar to how submarines control their buoyancy [2] - The positioning of the swim bladder often does not align with the fish's center of mass, creating a need for constant adjustments to maintain stability while hovering [2] - Different fish species exhibit unique balancing strategies during hovering, with variations in fin positioning and body shape affecting energy efficiency and stability [3] Group 2: Evolutionary Adaptations - The metabolic rate of hovering fish is significantly higher, being twice that of resting fish, indicating a high-energy survival strategy evolved over millions of years [3] - Fish that are adept at high-speed swimming tend to have lower hovering efficiency, while those in complex coral reef environments have evolved rounder bodies for better stability during hovering [3] Group 3: Implications for Technology - The findings from this research could inform the design of underwater robots, suggesting that mimicking fish hovering mechanisms could lead to more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly robotic designs [4]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the characteristics of stubborn individuals and how their rigid mindset can hinder personal and professional growth, emphasizing the importance of improving cognitive flexibility to overcome stubbornness [1][2][16]. Group 1: Characteristics of Stubborn Individuals - Stubborn individuals often exhibit rigid thinking and tend to solve problems using the same outdated methods, such as blaming personnel issues instead of analyzing strategic or organizational problems [4][7][8]. - They believe they are always right and dismiss constructive feedback from others, leading to a cycle of external blame when things go wrong [9][12]. - Even when aware of their mistakes, stubborn individuals refuse to acknowledge them, viewing it as a loss of face, which prevents them from learning and growing [13][14]. Group 2: Improving Cognitive Flexibility - To enhance cognitive flexibility, individuals should adopt an open mindset, which involves accepting different opinions and recognizing personal limitations [18][20]. - Deep thinking is essential for developing new cognitive models, allowing individuals to adapt their problem-solving approaches when faced with new challenges [24][27][30]. - Validating these cognitive models through practical application is crucial, as theoretical knowledge without practice remains ineffective [31][33].