新华社天津10月10日电（记者张建新、栗雅婷）10月10日是世界精神卫生日。一直以来，青少年的 心理健康问题备受关注，当其出现心情低落或烦躁时，不少家长都有一个疑问：这究竟是正常的情绪波 动，还是心理问题？ 专家介绍，"抑郁情绪""抑郁症状""抑郁症"，是三个不同层次的概念。抑郁情绪是每个人都会有的 正常反应，一般不影响正常生活。抑郁症状则更严重一些，孩子可能会持续情绪低落、睡不好、吃不 下、总往坏处想，并对学习和社交产生负面影响。"但在这个阶段，通过积极干预和调整，很多孩子是 可以恢复的。" 徐广明说。 天津市安定医院院长徐广明表示，当孩子出现情绪问题，首先要看情绪的持续时间和背景原因。正 常的情绪波动，往往事出有因，比如考试没考好、和同学闹了矛盾等，通常数日内可自行缓解。但如果 孩子低落、烦躁的情绪持续两周以上，几乎天天如此，并且与具体事件关联不大，这时家长就要加以重 视。 此外，还应重点关注孩子的社会功能是否受损。"简单说，就是看孩子能不能维持正常的学习和生 活。一个孩子虽然有情绪波动，但还能坚持上学、完成作业、和朋友交往，这就还在正常范围内。"徐 广明说。 如果情绪问题已经明显干扰了孩子的正常社会功能 ...

Group 1 - The article discusses the often hidden symptoms of depression in men, which can manifest as anger, impulsivity, excessive exercise, or substance abuse rather than typical signs like sadness or crying [2][3][4] - Epidemiological data indicates that the lifetime prevalence of depressive disorders in adults in China is 6.8%, with 3.4% specifically diagnosed with depression, amounting to approximately 95 million individuals [3] - The article highlights that while women have a higher prevalence of depression, men have a significantly higher completion rate of suicide, often due to the methods they choose [5][34] Group 2 - The article emphasizes that many men may exhibit "functional depression," where they immerse themselves in work or other activities to mask their emotional struggles, making it difficult for others to recognize their condition [10][14] - It is noted that men are less likely to express their emotions through tears and may instead externalize their feelings through anger or impulsive actions, which complicates the diagnosis of depression [22][26] - The article points out that men often experience a sense of shame associated with seeking help for mental health issues, which can lead to a higher risk of severe depression and suicide [38][39] Group 3 - The article discusses the tendency of Chinese individuals to express emotional distress through physical symptoms, often leading them to seek help from gastroenterology or cardiology rather than psychiatry [28][32] - It is mentioned that many men may not recognize their depression, instead focusing on external factors like work performance, which can obscure their emotional struggles [30][32] - The article concludes with the importance of family support and societal change in addressing men's mental health issues, advocating for a more open environment for discussing emotional well-being [41]

Core Viewpoint - Early identification and intervention in children's and adolescents' mental health issues are crucial for restoring their psychological well-being [1][2][3] Group 1: Importance of Early Identification - Children's and adolescents' psychological issues develop gradually, making early recognition essential for timely intervention [1] - Parents and teachers, who spend significant time with children, can observe behavioral changes by comparing current behaviors with past behaviors or with peers [1] Group 2: Use of Screening Tools - Online psychological behavior scales can be used for preliminary screening but should not be used for diagnosis or labeling children [2] - It is important to differentiate between depressive emotions, depressive symptoms, and clinical depression, as they represent different levels of mental health issues [3] Group 3: Parental and Teacher Roles - Parents should foster a supportive environment by spending time with children, listening to their thoughts, and encouraging open expression [4] - Teachers should provide encouragement and support, and communicate with parents if they notice emotional issues in students [4]

Group 1 - The article emphasizes that experiencing depressive emotions and symptoms does not equate to having depression, highlighting the distinction between these concepts [1][2][6] - Depressive emotions are common and can arise from various life events, serving as an adaptive response that can prompt individuals to seek support [2][5] - Depressive symptoms can manifest if depressive emotions persist without relief, affecting emotional, cognitive, and behavioral aspects, but these symptoms are reversible with appropriate intervention [5][6] Group 2 - Depression (depressive disorder) is characterized by significant and persistent depressive symptoms, which are more severe than mere depressive emotions or symptoms [6][7] - Key indicators for assessing potential depression include the duration of symptoms lasting over two weeks, the severity of subjective distress, and the need to rule out physical health issues that may mimic depressive symptoms [6][7]