本文来自微信公众号：简单心理 （ID：jdxl2000），嘉宾：吴志国（资深心理医学科医生，主攻方向为 抑郁症和双相障碍的精准诊断和优化治疗），作者：Kira，责编：罗文，题图来自：AI生成 我的一个男性朋友过去一年总是莫名其妙地发脾气，像"变了个人"，直到最近他开始疯狂在夜里跑步， 我才意识到，他可能是抑郁了。 很多人以为抑郁症只会表现为"情绪低落"、"爱哭"，但在男性身上，抑郁往往呈现出其他特征。愤怒、 冲动、甚至过度运动、酗酒，都可能是他们应对痛苦的一种方式。 也就是说，抑郁的女性可能看起来更沮丧，而抑郁的男性可能会表现得是个"糟糕的人"。 全国流行病学调查结果显示，我国成人抑郁障碍终生患病率为6.8%，其中抑郁症为3.4%，患抑郁症人 数为9500万。根据2019年首次全国成人精神障碍流行病学调查，各类抑郁障碍中，女性患病率均高于男 性，其中抑郁症男性患者约为35%，女性患者约占65%。 资深精神科专家吴志国坦言：流行病学数据显示，女性患病率更高，而男性抑郁患者的自杀完成率却远 远超过女性。 一份英国2020年的调查显示，虽然女性更有可能尝试自杀或被诊断出患有抑郁症等心理健康问题，但男 性约占所有自杀 ...

Core Viewpoint - Early identification and intervention in children's and adolescents' mental health issues are crucial for restoring their psychological well-being [1][2][3] Group 1: Importance of Early Identification - Children's and adolescents' psychological issues develop gradually, making early recognition essential for timely intervention [1] - Parents and teachers, who spend significant time with children, can observe behavioral changes by comparing current behaviors with past behaviors or with peers [1] Group 2: Use of Screening Tools - Online psychological behavior scales can be used for preliminary screening but should not be used for diagnosis or labeling children [2] - It is important to differentiate between depressive emotions, depressive symptoms, and clinical depression, as they represent different levels of mental health issues [3] Group 3: Parental and Teacher Roles - Parents should foster a supportive environment by spending time with children, listening to their thoughts, and encouraging open expression [4] - Teachers should provide encouragement and support, and communicate with parents if they notice emotional issues in students [4]

Group 1 - The article emphasizes that experiencing depressive emotions and symptoms does not equate to having depression, highlighting the distinction between these concepts [1][2][6] - Depressive emotions are common and can arise from various life events, serving as an adaptive response that can prompt individuals to seek support [2][5] - Depressive symptoms can manifest if depressive emotions persist without relief, affecting emotional, cognitive, and behavioral aspects, but these symptoms are reversible with appropriate intervention [5][6] Group 2 - Depression (depressive disorder) is characterized by significant and persistent depressive symptoms, which are more severe than mere depressive emotions or symptoms [6][7] - Key indicators for assessing potential depression include the duration of symptoms lasting over two weeks, the severity of subjective distress, and the need to rule out physical health issues that may mimic depressive symptoms [6][7]