新华社天津10月10日电（记者张建新、栗雅婷）10月10日是世界精神卫生日。一直以来，青少年的 心理健康问题备受关注，当其出现心情低落或烦躁时，不少家长都有一个疑问：这究竟是正常的情绪波 动，还是心理问题？ 专家介绍，"抑郁情绪""抑郁症状""抑郁症"，是三个不同层次的概念。抑郁情绪是每个人都会有的 正常反应，一般不影响正常生活。抑郁症状则更严重一些，孩子可能会持续情绪低落、睡不好、吃不 下、总往坏处想，并对学习和社交产生负面影响。"但在这个阶段，通过积极干预和调整，很多孩子是 可以恢复的。" 徐广明说。 天津市安定医院院长徐广明表示，当孩子出现情绪问题，首先要看情绪的持续时间和背景原因。正 常的情绪波动，往往事出有因，比如考试没考好、和同学闹了矛盾等，通常数日内可自行缓解。但如果 孩子低落、烦躁的情绪持续两周以上，几乎天天如此，并且与具体事件关联不大，这时家长就要加以重 视。 此外，还应重点关注孩子的社会功能是否受损。"简单说，就是看孩子能不能维持正常的学习和生 活。一个孩子虽然有情绪波动，但还能坚持上学、完成作业、和朋友交往，这就还在正常范围内。"徐 广明说。 如果情绪问题已经明显干扰了孩子的正常社会功能 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the relationship between nasal microbiota, specifically Staphylococcus aureus, and depressive behavior, highlighting the role of sex hormone degradation in this process [4][5][11]. Group 1: Research Findings - A study published in Nature Microbiology indicates that nasal Staphylococcus aureus can promote depressive behavior in mice by degrading sex hormones [4][5]. - The enzyme 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase expressed by Staphylococcus aureus degrades testosterone and estradiol in mice, leading to decreased levels of dopamine and serotonin in the brain, which induces depressive-like behavior [5][11]. - Analysis of nasal microbiota shows a positive correlation between the abundance of Staphylococcus aureus and depression scores in both depressed patients and healthy controls [9]. Group 2: Implications - The findings suggest a significant link between nasal microbiota and brain function, particularly in the context of neuropsychiatric disorders, which has been under-researched [8]. - The study provides new insights into the nose-brain axis, indicating that nasal colonization by certain bacteria may influence mental health through hormonal pathways [11].

Core Insights - The article highlights the increasing prevalence of depression in China, with approximately 95 million individuals affected, leading to a booming market for antidepressant medications [5][12][18] - The demand for antidepressants has surged, with sales in public medical institutions exceeding 9.1 billion yuan in the previous year, marking a 6% year-on-year increase [5][7] - The market for antidepressants is becoming increasingly competitive, with numerous domestic pharmaceutical companies entering the space, particularly in the production of generic drugs [13][20] Market Dynamics - The rise in depression cases has created a vibrant pharmaceutical market, with companies like Hansoh Pharmaceutical and Jingwei Pharmaceutical achieving significant sales figures [7][12] - The sales of antidepressants in public hospitals have seen a drastic shift, with domestic companies gaining market share due to price reductions and increased competition [22][24] - The introduction of centralized procurement has led to a significant drop in drug prices, making antidepressants more accessible to patients [19][20][22] Industry Challenges - Despite the growing market, the high cost of psychological therapy remains a barrier for many patients, leading to a preference for medication over therapy [26][27] - The perception of antidepressants as a long-term necessity poses challenges for patient management, with many experiencing withdrawal symptoms when discontinuing medication [26][27] - The industry faces scrutiny over the quality of psychological counseling services, which can vary significantly, impacting patient experiences and outcomes [26][27]

Group 1 - The article discusses the often hidden symptoms of depression in men, which can manifest as anger, impulsivity, excessive exercise, or substance abuse rather than typical signs like sadness or crying [2][3][4] - Epidemiological data indicates that the lifetime prevalence of depressive disorders in adults in China is 6.8%, with 3.4% specifically diagnosed with depression, amounting to approximately 95 million individuals [3] - The article highlights that while women have a higher prevalence of depression, men have a significantly higher completion rate of suicide, often due to the methods they choose [5][34] Group 2 - The article emphasizes that many men may exhibit "functional depression," where they immerse themselves in work or other activities to mask their emotional struggles, making it difficult for others to recognize their condition [10][14] - It is noted that men are less likely to express their emotions through tears and may instead externalize their feelings through anger or impulsive actions, which complicates the diagnosis of depression [22][26] - The article points out that men often experience a sense of shame associated with seeking help for mental health issues, which can lead to a higher risk of severe depression and suicide [38][39] Group 3 - The article discusses the tendency of Chinese individuals to express emotional distress through physical symptoms, often leading them to seek help from gastroenterology or cardiology rather than psychiatry [28][32] - It is mentioned that many men may not recognize their depression, instead focusing on external factors like work performance, which can obscure their emotional struggles [30][32] - The article concludes with the importance of family support and societal change in addressing men's mental health issues, advocating for a more open environment for discussing emotional well-being [41]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the psychological challenges children may face as they approach the new school year, particularly highlighting symptoms of depressive emotions and providing strategies for parents to help their children cope with these feelings [1][2][3] Group 1: Symptoms and Distinctions - Children may exhibit signs of depressive emotions, such as lack of interest, irritability, decreased appetite, and insomnia as the school year approaches [1] - Distinctions between depressive emotions and depression include duration (depressive emotions last less than 2 weeks, while depression lasts more than 2 weeks), severity (depressive emotions are less severe and do not significantly impact daily life, while depression does), and diagnostic criteria (depressive emotions do not meet the criteria for a mental disorder, whereas depression does) [1] Group 2: Strategies for Parents - Parents can help children manage depressive emotions by teaching them to accept and express their feelings through methods such as emotion cards, drawing, role-playing, or keeping a mood diary [1] - Preparing for school by adjusting sleep schedules to match school routines at least a week in advance, engaging in about 40 minutes of outdoor activities daily, and setting small learning goals can help children regain their energy and focus [2] - Teaching children stress management techniques for learning, including creating a study schedule, breaking down larger goals into smaller tasks, and incorporating breaks using methods like the Pomodoro technique (25 minutes of study followed by a 5-minute break) [2]

Core Viewpoint - The National Health Commission emphasizes the importance of addressing children's emotional well-being as they return to school, highlighting the distinction between depressive emotions and depression [1][2]. Group 1: Differences Between Depressive Emotions and Depression - Depressive emotions last less than 2 weeks, while depression persists for over 2 weeks [1]. - The severity of depressive emotions is relatively mild and does not significantly impact daily life, whereas depression severely disrupts daily activities [1]. - Depressive emotions do not meet the diagnostic criteria for a disorder, while depression does [1]. Group 2: Strategies for Parents to Help Children - Parents should teach children to accept and express their emotions through methods like emotion cards, drawing, role-playing, or keeping a mood diary [1]. - Preparing for school by adjusting sleep schedules a week in advance and engaging in outdoor activities for about 40 minutes daily can help children regain energy [1]. - Setting small learning goals daily can assist in transitioning back to a learning mindset [1]. Group 3: Learning Pressure Management Techniques - Parents can help children manage learning pressure by creating a study schedule that prioritizes tasks [2]. - Breaking down larger goals into smaller, manageable tasks can enhance children's confidence [2]. - Implementing a work-rest balance, such as the Pomodoro technique (25 minutes of study followed by a 5-minute break), is recommended [2].

Group 1 - The National Health Commission held a press conference focusing on health during the solar term of "Chushu," discussing health maintenance, children's mental health, and scientific exercise [2] - In Guangdong Province, new cases of Kyasanur Forest disease have significantly decreased from nearly 700 cases a month ago to 36 cases as of August 21, indicating effective control measures [2] - In Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 21 cases were reported, primarily in Nanning and Baise, also showing a low level of sporadic cases [2] Group 2 - A pediatrician noted that children may exhibit signs of depression as they approach the new school year, with symptoms including lack of interest, irritability, decreased appetite, and insomnia [3] - The distinction between depressive emotions and depression was outlined, highlighting differences in duration, severity, and diagnostic criteria [4] - Three methods were suggested for parents to help children manage depressive emotions, including emotional acceptance, preparation for school, and learning pressure management techniques [5]

曾颖曾与抑郁症共处六年，在生死边缘挣扎、破碎，最终重新找回生命的光。关于她抗抑郁的动态曾被人民网以及演员朱一龙转发，她不是以“过来人”的姿态讲述治愈，而是坦诚分享那些黑暗中的顿悟——关于痛苦如何重塑一个人，关于绝望里如何生出新的勇气。如今，她站在公众视野中，用自身经历向更多迷茫的年轻人传递一个信念：生命的低谷不是终点，而是重生的开始。 曾颖曾与抑郁症共处六年，在生死边缘挣扎、破碎，最终重新找回生命的光。关于她抗抑郁的动态曾被人民网以及演员朱一龙转发，她不是以“过来人”的姿态讲述治愈，而是坦诚分享那些黑暗中的顿悟——关于痛苦如何重塑一个人，关于绝望里如何生出新的勇气。如今，她站在公众视野中，用自身经历向更多迷茫的年轻人传递一个信念：生命的低谷不是终点，而是重生的开始。 This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at https://www.ted.com/tedx ...

Group 1 - The article discusses the impact of seasonal changes on human emotions, particularly focusing on the phenomenon of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) which can lead to symptoms similar to depression [1][2] - It highlights that high temperatures and humidity can hinder sweat evaporation, increasing perceived temperature by 3°C to 5°C, which places additional stress on the body's autonomic nervous system [1] - The article emphasizes the importance of recognizing seasonal affective disorder, especially for individuals who experience emotional disturbances during specific seasons, particularly autumn and winter [1][2] Group 2 - Symptoms of seasonal affective disorder include low mood, lack of pleasure, feelings of helplessness, decreased energy, and increased irritability, with a notable disruption in sleep-wake patterns [2] - The article notes that seasonal depression is not a milder form of depression; it has a higher tendency to recur, and severe symptoms warrant professional help for assessment and treatment [2] - Suggested treatments for seasonal affective disorder include light therapy, antidepressant medications, cognitive behavioral therapy, and lifestyle changes such as outdoor activities and regular exercise [3]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of understanding depression in children as a complex condition influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors, and offers practical advice for parents to support their children through acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) [1][2][17]. Understanding Depression - Depression is not merely a low mood but results from a combination of genetic, psychological, and social factors, including academic pressure and family dynamics [1][2]. - Biological aspects involve neurotransmitter imbalances affecting emotions, sleep, and appetite, which parents should understand to avoid misconceptions about their child's condition [1][2]. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) - ACT focuses on accepting one's emotions and thoughts rather than fighting against them, while also identifying personal values to guide actions [3][10]. Acceptance - Acceptance involves recognizing the child's current emotional state and symptoms without denial or excessive anxiety, allowing for a more supportive environment [4][5]. Cognitive Defusion - Cognitive defusion helps parents recognize negative thoughts as mere mental constructs rather than facts, reducing their emotional burden [6][10]. Mindfulness - Mindfulness practices can help both parents and children focus on the present moment, alleviating anxiety and improving emotional well-being [8][10]. Clarifying Values - Identifying personal values helps parents make informed decisions that prioritize their child's emotional health over academic performance [10][11]. Taking Action - Parents are encouraged to take proactive steps to support their child's recovery, such as engaging in activities that promote emotional expression and confidence [11][12]. Parental Support - Providing unconditional love and understanding is crucial for children with depression, allowing them to feel accepted and supported [12][13]. - Parents should also practice self-care to maintain their emotional health, which in turn benefits their ability to support their child [14][15]. Effective Communication - Open and respectful communication is essential for building trust and understanding between parents and children, using non-violent communication techniques [16][17].