新华社天津10月10日电（记者张建新、栗雅婷）10月10日是世界精神卫生日。一直以来，青少年的 心理健康问题备受关注，当其出现心情低落或烦躁时，不少家长都有一个疑问：这究竟是正常的情绪波 动，还是心理问题？ 专家介绍，"抑郁情绪""抑郁症状""抑郁症"，是三个不同层次的概念。抑郁情绪是每个人都会有的 正常反应，一般不影响正常生活。抑郁症状则更严重一些，孩子可能会持续情绪低落、睡不好、吃不 下、总往坏处想，并对学习和社交产生负面影响。"但在这个阶段，通过积极干预和调整，很多孩子是 可以恢复的。" 徐广明说。 天津市安定医院院长徐广明表示，当孩子出现情绪问题，首先要看情绪的持续时间和背景原因。正 常的情绪波动，往往事出有因，比如考试没考好、和同学闹了矛盾等，通常数日内可自行缓解。但如果 孩子低落、烦躁的情绪持续两周以上，几乎天天如此，并且与具体事件关联不大，这时家长就要加以重 视。 此外，还应重点关注孩子的社会功能是否受损。"简单说，就是看孩子能不能维持正常的学习和生 活。一个孩子虽然有情绪波动，但还能坚持上学、完成作业、和朋友交往，这就还在正常范围内。"徐 广明说。 如果情绪问题已经明显干扰了孩子的正常社会功能 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the psychological challenges children may face as they approach the new school year, particularly highlighting symptoms of depressive emotions and providing strategies for parents to help their children cope with these feelings [1][2][3] Group 1: Symptoms and Distinctions - Children may exhibit signs of depressive emotions, such as lack of interest, irritability, decreased appetite, and insomnia as the school year approaches [1] - Distinctions between depressive emotions and depression include duration (depressive emotions last less than 2 weeks, while depression lasts more than 2 weeks), severity (depressive emotions are less severe and do not significantly impact daily life, while depression does), and diagnostic criteria (depressive emotions do not meet the criteria for a mental disorder, whereas depression does) [1] Group 2: Strategies for Parents - Parents can help children manage depressive emotions by teaching them to accept and express their feelings through methods such as emotion cards, drawing, role-playing, or keeping a mood diary [1] - Preparing for school by adjusting sleep schedules to match school routines at least a week in advance, engaging in about 40 minutes of outdoor activities daily, and setting small learning goals can help children regain their energy and focus [2] - Teaching children stress management techniques for learning, including creating a study schedule, breaking down larger goals into smaller tasks, and incorporating breaks using methods like the Pomodoro technique (25 minutes of study followed by a 5-minute break) [2]

Core Viewpoint - The National Health Commission emphasizes the importance of addressing children's emotional well-being as they return to school, highlighting the distinction between depressive emotions and depression [1][2]. Group 1: Differences Between Depressive Emotions and Depression - Depressive emotions last less than 2 weeks, while depression persists for over 2 weeks [1]. - The severity of depressive emotions is relatively mild and does not significantly impact daily life, whereas depression severely disrupts daily activities [1]. - Depressive emotions do not meet the diagnostic criteria for a disorder, while depression does [1]. Group 2: Strategies for Parents to Help Children - Parents should teach children to accept and express their emotions through methods like emotion cards, drawing, role-playing, or keeping a mood diary [1]. - Preparing for school by adjusting sleep schedules a week in advance and engaging in outdoor activities for about 40 minutes daily can help children regain energy [1]. - Setting small learning goals daily can assist in transitioning back to a learning mindset [1]. Group 3: Learning Pressure Management Techniques - Parents can help children manage learning pressure by creating a study schedule that prioritizes tasks [2]. - Breaking down larger goals into smaller, manageable tasks can enhance children's confidence [2]. - Implementing a work-rest balance, such as the Pomodoro technique (25 minutes of study followed by a 5-minute break), is recommended [2].

Group 1 - The National Health Commission held a press conference focusing on health during the solar term of "Chushu," discussing health maintenance, children's mental health, and scientific exercise [2] - In Guangdong Province, new cases of Kyasanur Forest disease have significantly decreased from nearly 700 cases a month ago to 36 cases as of August 21, indicating effective control measures [2] - In Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 21 cases were reported, primarily in Nanning and Baise, also showing a low level of sporadic cases [2] Group 2 - A pediatrician noted that children may exhibit signs of depression as they approach the new school year, with symptoms including lack of interest, irritability, decreased appetite, and insomnia [3] - The distinction between depressive emotions and depression was outlined, highlighting differences in duration, severity, and diagnostic criteria [4] - Three methods were suggested for parents to help children manage depressive emotions, including emotional acceptance, preparation for school, and learning pressure management techniques [5]

Core Viewpoint - Early identification and intervention in children's and adolescents' mental health issues are crucial for restoring their psychological well-being [1][2][3] Group 1: Importance of Early Identification - Children's and adolescents' psychological issues develop gradually, making early recognition essential for timely intervention [1] - Parents and teachers, who spend significant time with children, can observe behavioral changes by comparing current behaviors with past behaviors or with peers [1] Group 2: Use of Screening Tools - Online psychological behavior scales can be used for preliminary screening but should not be used for diagnosis or labeling children [2] - It is important to differentiate between depressive emotions, depressive symptoms, and clinical depression, as they represent different levels of mental health issues [3] Group 3: Parental and Teacher Roles - Parents should foster a supportive environment by spending time with children, listening to their thoughts, and encouraging open expression [4] - Teachers should provide encouragement and support, and communicate with parents if they notice emotional issues in students [4]

Group 1 - The article emphasizes that experiencing depressive emotions and symptoms does not equate to having depression, highlighting the distinction between these concepts [1][2][6] - Depressive emotions are common and can arise from various life events, serving as an adaptive response that can prompt individuals to seek support [2][5] - Depressive symptoms can manifest if depressive emotions persist without relief, affecting emotional, cognitive, and behavioral aspects, but these symptoms are reversible with appropriate intervention [5][6] Group 2 - Depression (depressive disorder) is characterized by significant and persistent depressive symptoms, which are more severe than mere depressive emotions or symptoms [6][7] - Key indicators for assessing potential depression include the duration of symptoms lasting over two weeks, the severity of subjective distress, and the need to rule out physical health issues that may mimic depressive symptoms [6][7]