被中国稀土"王牌"拿捏后，特朗普誓言要扳回一局，只给180天时间，盟友们谁敢不帮美国就等着被加 税。 当地时间1月14日，白宫网站公布了一则消息，美国总统特朗普签署了一项重要公告，要求全球供应商 在180天之内，必须与美国谈判达成关键矿产协议，否则就要面临包括加税在内的一系列惩罚。 回头看看历史，这种被原材料卡脖子的教训其实早就有过。二战时期德国的合成橡胶技术突破，就是因 为天然橡胶被盟军封锁逼出来的。 那么这份协议有什么要求呢？总结为一句话就是：要摆脱对华稀土依赖。 公告中强调，各国应该确保"供应链多元化、远离具备主导地位且存在'胁迫性'的来源"； 具体措施包括要求盟友们提高矿产加工能力、投资非中国设施、确保美国能够拥有"安全的供应链"。 我们先掰开了说说这个工业体系到底有多脆弱。一台喷气式发动机想要在万米高空正常工作，涡轮叶片 的工作温度能把铁块烧成液体，这时候材料表层那层看不见的金属镀膜就是生死线。 钇元素的耐热性能让这层保护膜能扛住极端高温，没有它，再先进的气动设计也只是纸面数据。 更要命的是磁性材料这块。现代武器系统里塞满了各种传感器和制导装置，它们想要在高速机动和强电 磁环境下稳定工作，靠的就是钐 ...

Core Viewpoint - Proterial, formerly known as Hitachi Metals, has developed a new type of electric vehicle motor magnet that does not use heavy rare earth elements, specifically avoiding the use of neodymium [1][3]. Group 1: Product Development - Proterial has successfully trialed a magnet made primarily from iron oxide, which can meet the output power requirements for electric vehicles [3]. - The company does not plan to mass-produce the motors but intends to sell ferrite magnets to motor manufacturers [3]. Group 2: Market Context - The development comes in response to China's export restrictions on rare earth materials, which have pressured Japanese companies heavily reliant on these resources [4]. - In May, Suzuki had to halt production of its Swift model due to rare earth shortages, highlighting the supply risks faced by the automotive industry [4]. Group 3: Rare Earth Market Dynamics - As of the end of 2024, global rare earth reserves are estimated at approximately 90 million tons, a decrease of 20 million tons (18.18%) from 110 million tons at the end of 2023 [4]. - China holds 44 million tons of these reserves, accounting for 48.89% of the global total, and produces nearly 70% of the world's rare earth supply [4][6]. Group 4: International Cooperation - Japan is actively seeking to reduce its dependence on Chinese rare earths by exploring alternative materials and collaborating with the EU on rare earth mining agreements [6]. - Recent discussions between Japan and the EU have focused on enhancing supply chain resilience and reducing strategic dependencies on critical minerals [6].