Core Viewpoint - The release of the new white paper on arms control, disarmament, and non-proliferation by the Chinese government marks a significant moment, as it is the first such document in 20 years, reflecting China's commitment to global security governance and international peace [1][3]. Summary by Relevant Sections Historical Context - The white paper summarizes China's basic policy positions and practical measures regarding arms control, disarmament, and non-proliferation over the past 20 years, particularly since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party [3]. Current Global Security Landscape - The world is facing rising nuclear risks, highlighted by conflicts such as the Russia-Ukraine war and the Israel-Hamas conflict, which signal nuclear deterrence. The risks of a nuclear arms race are increasing, with the U.S. continuously enhancing its nuclear arsenal [5]. Challenges to Existing Frameworks - The current international arms control, disarmament, and non-proliferation frameworks are under severe challenge, with key treaties like the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty and the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty no longer in effect. The white paper aims to contribute Chinese wisdom to strengthen these mechanisms [5]. Emerging Security Domains - The white paper introduces a dedicated section on security governance in emerging fields such as outer space, cyberspace, and artificial intelligence, reflecting the rapid military application of these technologies [6][8]. Specific Stances on Outer Space - For the first time, the white paper explicitly opposes offensive military policies in outer space, the formation of military alliances in this domain, the weaponization and militarization of outer space, and the involvement of commercial satellites in armed conflicts [10]. New Era Arms Control Concept - The white paper presents a new arms control concept characterized by fairness, cooperation, balance, and effectiveness, which is seen as a guiding principle for future arms control efforts [11]. Nuclear Policy Clarification - China emphasizes its non-participation in any nuclear arms race and reaffirms its policy of no first use of nuclear weapons, aiming to maintain global strategic stability and balance [13].

Core Viewpoint - The white paper titled "China's Arms Control, Disarmament, and Non-Proliferation in the New Era" emphasizes China's commitment to promoting international arms control and disarmament, contributing to global security, and advocating for a community with a shared future for mankind [3][4]. Group 1: International Security and Arms Control - The white paper highlights the complex and severe international security and arms control situation, asserting that China plays a significant role in advancing global governance in the arms control field [4]. - China, as a permanent member of the UN Security Council, actively maintains the authority and effectiveness of international arms control mechanisms and participates constructively in multilateral arms control processes in nuclear, biological, and chemical fields [4]. Group 2: Emerging Fields and Global Governance - The white paper identifies outer space, cyberspace, and artificial intelligence as new strategic security focal points and emphasizes the need for a global governance framework with broad consensus in these emerging areas [5]. - China advocates for enhancing the representation and voice of developing countries in the governance of emerging fields, promoting international cooperation for the peaceful use of technology [5]. Group 3: Non-Proliferation and Peaceful Use of Technology - The white paper stresses China's ongoing efforts to strengthen non-proliferation capabilities and actively participate in international non-proliferation processes [5]. - It promotes the idea that China's modernization path is one of peaceful development, contributing to global peace and security [5].