1864年，国际工人协会在伦敦成立。随即，马克思起草了《国际工人协会临时章程》。马克思恩格斯明 确要求，对于协会的章程和决议，各级支部和全体成员必须严格执行。 但是，国际工人协会中的蒲鲁东主义者对章程中的规定阳奉阴违，甚至公开反对决议里的内容。马克思 恩格斯认为工人阶级必须通过政治斗争才能真正获得解放，蒲鲁东主义者则主张温和改良，认为工人应 该通过经济手段来改善生活，反对革命运动。 马克思恩格斯非常重视纪律的作用。在他们看来，国际工人阶级的战斗组织需要有"保证胜利所必不可 少的纪律"。1886年10月，恩格斯在写给拉法格的信中，特别强调了纪律对于工人运动的重要性。他认 为，要获得胜利必须严格遵守纪律，"这种纪律是一个有成效的和坚强的组织的首要条件，是资产阶级 最害怕的"。 《国际工人协会临时章程》原本明确规定，"工人阶级的经济解放是一切政治运动都应该作为手段服从 于它的伟大目标"。但蒲鲁东主义者认为这句话太"激进"，他们在翻译的法文译本中，将其曲解为"一切 政治运动都应该让位于它的伟大目标"。这种改动相当于在工人运动内部"偷换概念"，试图让国际工人 协会放弃革命路线。 马克思恩格斯认为，具有严格的纪律是无产阶 ...

Core Viewpoint - The essence of party character and discipline is crucial for the establishment and development of a strong proletarian party, as emphasized by Marx and Engels [1][2][4][5] Group 1: Party Character and Discipline - Marx and Engels highlighted the importance of strong party character and discipline for the success of the proletarian party, asserting that it is essential for maintaining unity and effectiveness [1][2] - The "Communist League" charter established strict requirements for members, emphasizing that their lifestyle and activities must align with the league's goals [2] - The International Workers' Association, founded in 1864, mandated that each branch be responsible for the quality and integrity of its members [2] Group 2: Advanced Nature of the Proletarian Party - The advanced nature of the proletarian party is rooted in its solid class foundation and broad mass base, which must achieve a unity of internal self-awareness and external norms [2] - Marx and Engels criticized the presence of opportunism and superficiality within socialist movements, advocating for the maintenance of ideological purity and unity [3] Group 3: Historical Context and Lessons - The Chinese Communist Party has adopted Marxism as its foundational ideology, emphasizing strong party character and discipline as key to its historical achievements [4] - Xi Jinping stressed that issues of style are fundamentally issues of party character, advocating for a return to core values and moral cultivation among party members [5]