Core Points - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt for their contributions to understanding innovation-driven economic growth [1] - Mokyr received half of the prize for identifying prerequisites for sustained growth through technological advancement, while Aghion and Howitt shared the other half for their theory on sustained growth through creative destruction [1] Summary by Sections Recent Nobel Prize Winners - The 2024 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James A. Robinson for their research on how institutions shape and influence prosperity [7] - The 2023 prize went to Claudia Goldin for her work on understanding women's labor market outcomes [7] - The 2022 prize was awarded to Ben Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond, and Philip H. Dybvig for their research on banks and financial crises [8] History and Significance of the Nobel Prize - The Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences, officially known as the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, has been awarded since 1969, totaling 56 awards to 96 individuals by October 12, 2025 [8] - The youngest laureate was Esther Duflo, who won in 2019 at the age of 46, while the oldest was Leonid Hurwicz, who was 90 when he received the award in 2007 [8][9] Financial Aspects of the Nobel Prize - The prize amount increased from 10 million Swedish Krona to 11 million Swedish Krona (approximately 8.36 million RMB) starting in 2023, marking a historical high [11] - The Nobel Foundation's assets have grown to over 6.1 billion Swedish Krona (approximately 4.6 billion RMB), a nearly 200-fold increase from the original endowment of 31 million Swedish Krona [12]

新京报贝壳财经记者 胡萌 编辑 陈莉 校对 柳宝庆 2025年诺贝尔奖项已经陆续揭晓，备受关注的经济学奖10月13日揭开面纱。 当前对诺贝尔经济学奖得主的预测和讨论已经非常热烈，部分高校也举办了竞猜活动，预测今年奖项花 落谁家。整体来看，市场预测的获奖方向呈现多元化态势，行为经济学、劳动经济学以及国际贸易理论 均有拥簇者。 诺贝尔经济学奖将揭晓，此前已有96人摘得桂冠 值得注意的是，该奖虽非诺贝尔遗嘱中原设奖项，但地位与物理学、化学等奖项并列。每年评选一次， 并在诺贝尔逝世纪念日颁发金牌、证书及奖金。 自1969年诺贝尔经济学奖开始颁布，截至2025年10月12日，该奖共计颁发56次，96人摘得桂冠。其中， 26位获得者为独立获奖，2位和3位获得者分享诺奖的次数分别为20次、10次。 诺贝尔基金会的章程中说："一份奖金可以平均分配给两项作品，每项作品都被认为值得获奖。如果获 奖成果是由两人或三人共同完成，则该奖项应共同授予他们。在任何情况下，奖金都不得由超过三人分 享。" 其中，最年轻的诺贝尔经济学奖得主依然还是来自麻省理工学院的埃丝特·迪弗洛，2019年获奖时为46 岁。彼时，埃丝特·迪弗洛与其丈夫阿比吉特 ...

Core Viewpoint - The core strategy for improving the government procurement market is to enhance the incentive and constraint mechanisms, continuously lower market entry barriers, and gradually open the market to all legitimate market entities, allowing information to be effectively priced in the government procurement market [1][4]. Group 1: Government Procurement Market Regulation - The Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Public Security, and State Administration for Market Regulation have launched a special rectification action targeting four types of illegal activities in the government procurement sector from June to January of the following year [2]. - The government procurement market is currently a vibrant sector within the national economy, with various ownership enterprises eager to enter this market to inject new vitality into their operations [2][4]. - The special rectification action aims to standardize the development of the government procurement market and create a fair competitive environment [2][4]. Group 2: Information Asymmetry and Regulatory Challenges - The government procurement market exhibits typical characteristics of asymmetric information, leading to moral hazard and adverse selection risks due to the regulatory bodies' inability to effectively obtain observable costs and contract costs [3][4]. - The existing issues in the government procurement market, such as discriminatory clauses and other illegal activities, stem from the information structure and constraints faced by regulators and enterprises [3][4]. - The effectiveness of the special rectification action will depend on addressing the underlying issues of asymmetric information and the incompleteness of commitments within the regulatory framework [4]. Group 3: Market Structure and Mechanism Design - To effectively capture illegal activities in the government procurement market, it is essential to address the constraints arising from asymmetric information and the imperfections of regulators [4]. - The government procurement market currently accounts for about 10% of annual government fiscal expenditures, indicating that the scale effect of the market is not fully realized [4]. - There is a suggestion to include monopolistic state-owned enterprises in the government procurement market to diversify the buyer base and enhance market dynamics [4][5].