Group 1 - The recent recovery of the A-share market has led to a surge in public fund issuance, with 147 new funds launched in July, marking a year-to-date high, and equity products accounting for 45% of the total [1] - Historical patterns in the investment market show that bull markets often coincide with heightened market sentiment and increased account openings, typically linked to the five-year planning cycle in China [2][3] - The focus on cost control is crucial for institutional investors, as they are particularly sensitive to their holding costs, contrasting with retail investors who often prioritize potential profits [5][6] Group 2 - Identifying institutional cost levels can be challenging, but observing trading behaviors within narrow price ranges can provide insights into their cost zones [7] - Quantitative data analysis reveals distinct trading behaviors between institutions and retail investors, with tools that track all trading activities over time [8] - The "institutional inventory" metric indicates the level of institutional trading activity, with higher activity suggesting a stronger commitment from institutional investors [10][13]