马某龙走出房门不远被付某发现，付某持刀砍向马某龙背部，将马某龙砍倒在地，马某龙起身用刀回击 后逃跑。付某紧追不舍，将马某龙扑倒在地，骑在马某龙身上用拳头击打其头部。马某龙为挣脱付某控 制，在黑暗中划砍付某数刀。马某龙挣脱后离开现场，让附近棋牌室的老板报警，并等待民警到来。经 鉴定，付某眼部、鼻翼、颈前至左颈部、腹部、臂部、膝关节等多部位受伤，因失血性休克而死亡。马 某龙左背部、左手及双侧膝盖受伤。 鞍山市中级人民法院于2021年9月18日作出（2021）辽03刑初19号刑事附带民事判决：被告人马某龙犯 故意伤害罪，判处有期徒刑四年；被告人马某龙赔偿附带民事诉讼原告人付某哲（系付某儿子）经济损 失等人民币28778.05元。宣判后，附带民事诉讼原告人付某哲、被告人马某龙均提出上诉，鞍山市人民 检察院以马某龙不属于防卫过当，适用法律错误为由提出抗诉。辽宁省高级人民法院审理期间，辽宁省 人民检察院撤回抗诉。辽宁省高级人民法院于2022年11月23日作出（2022）辽刑终274号刑事附带民事 裁定:：一、撤销辽宁省鞍山市中级人民法院（2021）辽03刑初19号刑事附带民事判决；二、发回鞍山 市中级人民法院重新审判。鞍 ...

据报道，当地时间24日上午，37岁的美国白人男性亚历克斯·杰弗里·普雷蒂被联邦执法人员枪杀。根据美国国土安全部的说法，普雷蒂持有9毫米半自动手 枪"靠近"联邦执法人员，涉事执法人员的开枪行为属于正当防卫。 然而，随着大量现场视频在社交媒体上传播，国土安全部的说法迅速遭到质疑。美国有线电视新闻网等美媒报道称，现场视频显示，执法人员将其按倒前， 他手里拿的是手机，而不是枪械。此外，美媒分析称，根据视频，执法人员在开枪前已经解除了普雷蒂的武装。明尼阿波利斯警察局也证实，普雷蒂持有合 法的持枪许可证。 【环球网报道】据美国Axios新闻网1月25日报道，针对联邦执法人员在明尼阿波利斯市枪杀一名据称携带枪械男子的事件，美国全国步枪协会等团体对特朗 普政府的说法予以反驳，他们表示，联邦政府方面声称该男子携带枪械可以构成执法人员正当使用致命武力理由的说法不成立。 对于这起事件，美国国土安全部在社交媒体上连发多条帖文强调普雷蒂持枪，国土安全部部长诺姆在记者会上展示了普雷蒂所持枪械的照片。联邦调查局局 长卡什·帕特尔在接受采访时说，"任何和平示威者都不会携带满弹匣的枪支参加抗议活动。" 特朗普的盟友、洛杉矶首席联邦检察官比尔· ...

近日，记者从上海市宝山区人民法院获悉，该起涉及正当防卫认定的健康权纠纷案，法院认定路人行为 属于正当防卫，无需承担民事责任，目前该判决已生效。 来源：法制日报 街头两人发生冲突，一方突然拎起铁锤欲对另一方施暴，危急关头，一名热心路人将其扑倒，避免了可 能发生的惨剧。未曾想，这名路人事后却被欲行凶者诉至法院，索赔12万余元医疗费、营养费等损失。 路人制止纷争反成被告 "正当防卫的本质是在公力救济无法及时介入的情况下，赋予公民的私力救济权利，其目的是避免合法 权益受到不法侵害，要求在紧急情况下采取'必要、合理、适度'的防护措施，防止事态进一步恶 化。"马腾说。 时间回溯至2023年10月的一天，上海市宝山区一家临街店铺门前，一阵激烈的争吵打破了原本的宁静。 店铺老板邱老汉与楚先生因琐事发生口角，两人互不相让，情绪也愈加激动。周围渐渐有群众驻足，有 人劝解，但双方仍不肯退让。 争吵很快升级为推搡，继而演变为肢体冲突。就在此时，邱老汉的儿子邱先生从店内冲了出来，他非但 没有劝解，反而一拳挥向楚先生头部。楚先生踉跄后退，邱先生却仍不罢休，弯腰从地上捡起一把铁 锤，准备向楚先生挥去。 就在铁锤即将挥出的危急瞬间，一个身影 ...

（来源：法治日报） 转自：法治日报 □ 本报记者 张海燕 □ 本报通讯员 陆艺楷 街头两人发生冲突，一方突然拎起铁锤欲对另一方施暴，危急 关头，一名热心路人将其扑倒，避免了可能发生的惨剧。未曾想，这名路人事后却被欲行凶者诉至法 院，索赔12万余元医疗费、营养费等损失。 近日，记者从上海市宝山区人民法院获悉，该起涉及正当 防卫认定的健康权纠纷案，法院认定路人行为属于正当防卫，无需承担民事责任，目前该判决已生效。 本案主审法官马腾介绍，构成正当防卫需满足五个法定要件：不法侵害现实存在、防卫行为适时、防卫 目的正当、防卫须对加害者本人施行、防卫手段未超过必要限度。 根据刑法规定，为了使国家、公共 利益、本人或者他人的人身、财产和其他权利免受正在进行的不法侵害，而采取的制止不法侵害的行 为，对不法侵害人造成损害的，属于正当防卫，不负刑事责任。民法典规定，因正当防卫造成损害的， 不承担民事责任。 "正当防卫的本质是在公力救济无法及时介入的情况下，赋予公民的私力救济权利， 其目的是避免合法权益受到不法侵害，要求在紧急情况下采取'必要、合理、适度'的防护措施，防止事 态进一步恶化。"马腾说。 法院经审理查明，事发当天，邱老 ...

智通财经记者 | 张旭 智通财经编辑 | 刘海川 因案情复杂等因素，时隔7年多，备受关注的"瓜农刺死城管"案现关键节点。 2026年1月6日，兰州中院对此案作出一审判决，瓜农兄弟王爱武、王爱文犯故意杀人罪，分别被判处有 期徒刑七年半、四年九个月。附带民事部分，瓜农父子三人需赔偿被害人共计265781.65元。 "我决定提起上诉。"1月6日下午，王爱文告诉智通财经，对于此次判决结果，自己并不满意。 "我属于正当防卫，并且在当时自己被城管压倒在地的情况下，也不可能控制甚至制止弟弟王爱武的行 为。"对此，王爱文认为自己无罪并且不应承担相应的民事赔偿责任。 据王爱文透露，因弟弟王爱武患有精神分裂，此次庭审并未出庭，而是以视频方式出现。王爱文称，自 案件发生以来，自己就再也没见过弟弟，也不知道弟弟的病情如何。不过，在今日的庭审现场上，视频 中的弟弟说不出来一句话，显然没有了语言表达能力。 王爱武的辩护律师刘海向智通财经证实了这一信息。"王爱武在之前开庭的时候就没有了受审能力，已 经不认识人了。" 关于王爱武是否也要上诉，刘海表示，因王爱武现在的情况，若后续其家属需要上诉，自己也会继续代 理。 刘海认为，此次一审判决的部 ...

Group 1 - The new law, effective from January 1, 2026, clarifies the legal boundaries of self-defense, reinforcing citizens' rights and promoting social justice [1] - Article 19 of the new law states that actions taken to prevent ongoing unlawful harm do not constitute a violation of public security management, even if the defensive actions exceed necessary limits [1][2] - The law aims to eliminate the previous enforcement practices that discouraged individuals from defending themselves, thereby empowering citizens to uphold justice [1] Group 2 - The new law encourages citizens to defend their rights while also establishing limits to prevent misuse of self-defense as a means of retaliation [2] - It provides clear guidance for law enforcement to distinguish between legitimate self-defense and intentional wrongdoing, promoting fair and just enforcement [2] - The successful implementation of the law relies on accurate understanding by law enforcement, public legal education, and fostering a societal consensus on upholding justice [2]

Core Viewpoint - The newly revised Public Security Administration Punishment Law, effective from January 1, 2026, introduces a clear legal framework for self-defense, marking a significant shift in how self-defense cases are handled in China [1][5]. Summary by Sections Legal Framework - The new law explicitly states that actions taken to stop unlawful infringement are not considered illegal, thus clarifying the boundaries of self-defense [5]. - This revision aims to align with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law, ensuring consistency between the two legal frameworks regarding self-defense [5]. Distinction Between Self-Defense and Mutual Assault - Self-defense must meet three criteria: it must occur in response to an ongoing unlawful act, target only the aggressor, and not exceed necessary limits [5]. - Mutual assault involves both parties having provoked the situation and thus both share responsibility [5]. Definition of Excessive Defense - Excessive defense occurs when the response to unlawful infringement significantly exceeds necessary limits, causing substantial harm [5]. - The assessment of excessive defense considers various factors, including the nature of the unlawful act, the response's timing and method, and the power dynamics between the parties involved [5]. Implications for Legal Cases - The new law provides a clearer legal basis for cases previously deemed mutual assaults, such as the case of a restaurant owner who defended herself against an intoxicated customer [5]. - The law allows for the possibility of reduced penalties for excessive defense, recognizing the context of the situation while maintaining legal accountability [7]. Defense and Harm - The objective of self-defense is to stop unlawful acts, and it is acknowledged that this may result in harm, which does not negate the nature of self-defense [7]. - The concept of "unlimited defense" from criminal law does not apply to the Public Security Administration Punishment Law, which governs less severe violations [7]. Post-Defense Actions - Continuing to attack after the unlawful act has ceased may be classified as excessive defense, leading to potential legal consequences [7].

Core Viewpoint - The newly revised Public Security Administration Punishment Law will take effect on January 1, 2026, explicitly granting citizens the right to take defensive measures against unlawful acts [6] Group 1: Case Summary - A case of legitimate defense occurred in Shanghai in March 2024, where a neighbor, Kang, violently attacked Xu after a dispute over water dripping onto his balcony [3] - Xu, in defense, used a kitchen knife to injure Kang, resulting in Kang suffering a secondary level injury while Xu sustained minor injuries [4][5] - The case was reviewed by the procuratorate, which concluded that Xu's actions were within the limits of legitimate defense and decided not to approve her arrest [5] Group 2: Legal Implications - The new law clarifies that actions taken to prevent ongoing unlawful harm that result in damage will not be considered violations of public security management [6] - It establishes clear boundaries for legitimate defense, addressing public concerns regarding the handling of security disputes [7] - The law differentiates between mutual fighting and legitimate defense, emphasizing that legitimate defense must meet specific conditions such as the existence of real unlawful harm and proportionality in response [8]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses a self-defense case in Shanghai, emphasizing the principle that the law should not yield to unlawful actions, and highlights the recent amendments to the Public Security Administration Punishment Law that clarify the boundaries of legitimate self-defense [1][5][10]. Summary by Sections Incident Details - The incident occurred in March 2024, involving a dispute between neighbors, Xu and Kang, which escalated when Kang forcibly entered Xu's home and assaulted her. Xu defended herself with a kitchen knife, resulting in Kang sustaining a minor injury [1][4]. Legal Proceedings - Following the incident, Kang was administratively detained for 10 days, while Xu faced charges of intentional injury. The case raised questions about the nature of self-defense and the legal implications of Xu's actions [1][2]. Evidence and Legal Interpretation - A crucial 47-second video captured sounds of the altercation, which helped the prosecutor assess the situation. The legal definition of self-defense requires the presence of an ongoing unlawful attack, and the evidence suggested that Xu was still under threat when she acted [3][4]. New Legal Framework - The revised Public Security Administration Punishment Law, effective January 1, 2025, explicitly includes provisions for self-defense, stating that actions taken to prevent ongoing unlawful harm do not constitute a violation of the law [5][6]. Implications of the New Law - The new law aims to address public concerns regarding the handling of self-defense cases, distinguishing between mutual fighting and legitimate self-defense. It clarifies that self-defense must meet specific criteria, including the nature and timing of the threat [7][9]. Legal Expert Insights - Legal experts emphasize that the distinction between mutual fighting and self-defense lies in the presence of provocation and intent. The new regulations are seen as a significant step towards protecting the rights of victims and ensuring fair treatment in legal proceedings [8][10].

Group 1 - The revised Public Security Administration Punishment Law will take effect on January 1, 2026, adding provisions for legitimate defense, stating that actions taken to prevent ongoing illegal harm that result in damage will not be considered violations of public security management and will not incur penalties [2] - The "Notice on Improving Kindergarten Charging Policies" will also be effective from January 1, 2026, specifying that kindergartens can only charge for five categories of fees, including care education fees and accommodation fees, and must establish a fee directory list, prohibiting charges outside this list [4] - A mandatory standard for electric vehicle energy consumption will be implemented on January 1, 2026, requiring companies to upgrade new products technically, with a limit of 15.1 kWh per 100 km for vehicles around 2 tons, which is expected to increase the average range of electric vehicles by approximately 7% under unchanged battery capacity [6] Group 2 - The revised Cybersecurity Law will come into effect on January 1, 2026, emphasizing national support for research in artificial intelligence and key technology development, enhancing infrastructure for training data resources and computing power, and increasing penalties for certain illegal activities [8] - The Ministry of Finance and the State Taxation Administration announced that starting January 1, 2026, individuals selling homes purchased for less than two years will be subject to a 3% value-added tax, while those selling homes purchased for two years or more will be exempt from this tax [10] - According to the People's Bank of China, starting January 1, 2026, overdue records will no longer be displayed in personal credit reports if they meet specific conditions, including being generated between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2025, with a single overdue amount not exceeding 10,000 yuan, and full repayment by March 31, 2026 [12] Group 3 - The revised National Common Language and Writing Law will take effect on January 1, 2026, mandating that online literary programs, web dramas, online movies, and online games use the national common language and writing as the basic language [14] - The revised "Civil Case Cause Regulations" will be effective from January 1, 2026, adding causes related to data and virtual property, and refining causes related to intellectual property [15] - The People's Bank of China will implement a digital renminbi action plan starting January 1, 2026, allowing digital renminbi wallet balances to earn interest calculated like demand deposits, making China the first economy to pay interest on central bank digital currency [17]