□在认定制止不法侵害行为时，可遵循从形式违法性审查到实质合法性判断的两步走思路。第一步，先 从形式上判断行为造成的损害是否符合治安管理处罚的适用条件。第二步，若行为造成的损害符合治安 处罚条件，再进一步分析是否符合制止不法侵害的构成要件，若符合，则认定为实质合法行为，不受处 罚；若不符合，则依法追究行政责任。 2025年6月27日，十四届全国人大常委会第十六次会议审议通过新修订的治安管理处罚法，其中第19条 首次以立法形式明确"为了免受正在进行的不法侵害而采取的制止行为"的法律属性及法律后果，填补了 此前治安管理领域制止不法侵害行为规制的空白。该条规定："为了免受正在进行的不法侵害而采取的 制止行为，造成损害的，不属于违反治安管理行为，不受处罚；制止行为明显超过必要限度，造成较大 损害的，依法给予处罚，但是应当减轻处罚；情节较轻的，不予处罚。"这一修订既是对我国社会治安 形势发展的回应，也为治安执法、行刑界分与衔接提供了明确指引。 客观要件：不法侵害的现实性、违法性与危害性。（1）正在进行的不法侵害。"正在进行"强调侵害的 紧迫性与现实危险性，并非特指侵害行为已实际发生，只要存在即将发生的侵害危险、危险尚未完 ...

Core Viewpoint - The newly revised "Public Security Administration Punishment Law of the People's Republic of China" will take effect on January 1, 2026, introducing a clause on legitimate defense that exempts individuals from punishment for actions taken to prevent ongoing illegal harm [1] Group 1 - The law includes a new provision that clarifies actions taken in legitimate defense against ongoing illegal acts will not be considered violations of public security management [1] - The implementation date of the revised law is set for January 1, 2026, indicating a future regulatory change that may impact legal interpretations and enforcement [1]

Core Viewpoint - The recent discussions surrounding the new amendments to the Public Security Administration Punishment Law have led to widespread misinterpretations, particularly the claim that sending inappropriate photos to friends will be illegal starting January 1, 2026, which has been clarified as a misunderstanding by legal experts [6][8]. Summary by Sections Misinterpretation of the Law - The claim that sending inappropriate photos constitutes a violation of the law is a misinterpretation; this behavior has been illegal since the original law was enacted in 2005 [6][7]. - The amendments primarily update terminology and increase penalties, but do not introduce new prohibitions regarding private communications [7][8]. Legal Clarifications - Legal experts emphasize that "inappropriate" and "obscene" are not synonymous; the latter requires judicial determination and has a clearer legal definition [8]. - The law has always prohibited the use of communication tools to disseminate obscene materials, and the amendments do not change this fundamental aspect [7][8]. Focus on Minor Protection - A significant aspect of the new law is the increased penalties for offenses involving minors, reflecting a heightened focus on protecting this vulnerable group [10][11]. - The law now explicitly states that distributing obscene materials involving minors will result in harsher penalties, aligning with the objectives of the Minor Protection Law [11][12]. Legislative Intent and Public Perception - The law aims to maintain social order while also safeguarding citizens' rights, indicating a balance between enforcement and civil liberties [12][13]. - The adjustments in penalties suggest a nuanced approach, where some provisions may actually relax previous restrictions, reflecting a "temperature" in legislation that considers public sentiment [13].

Core Viewpoint - The new regulations regarding the transmission of obscene information, effective from January 1, are not entirely new but rather an update to existing laws to better address modern communication methods and fill legal gaps [3][5]. Summary by Sections Legal Changes - The revised Public Security Administration Punishment Law, Article 80, stipulates that producing, transporting, copying, selling, renting obscene materials, or disseminating obscene information via information networks or other communication tools can result in detention of 10 to 15 days and fines up to 5,000 yuan; lighter offenses may incur detention of up to 5 days or fines between 1,000 and 3,000 yuan [3][4]. - Compared to the previous law, the new version broadens the scope from "computer information networks" to "information networks," reflecting advancements in technology and the need for updated legal language [3][4]. Enforcement and Penalties - The new law increases penalties for violations, raising the maximum fine for general offenses from 3,000 yuan to 5,000 yuan, and for lighter offenses from 500 yuan to between 1,000 and 3,000 yuan, enhancing legal deterrence [5]. - There is a specific emphasis on harsher penalties for offenses involving minors, aligning with the principles established in the revised Minor Protection Law [5]. Public Concerns and Clarifications - Concerns have arisen regarding the potential criminalization of private exchanges of intimate content between partners. However, legal experts clarify that the law distinguishes between "obscene information" and "private information," indicating that consensual sharing of non-obscene content is generally not subject to legal penalties [6]. - The law adheres to a principle of restraint, suggesting that private behaviors that do not disrupt social order are not overly regulated, although unauthorized sharing of private content could lead to privacy violations or criminal charges [6].

多位法律人士公开表示，"向好友发不雅照片算违法"属于误读，它既不是《中华人民共和国治安管理处 罚法》的新增内容，也不是未来的执法重点领域。误读缘何而起？新修订的《中华人民共和国治安管理 处罚法》究竟新在哪儿？ 新修订的《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚法》第八十条第一款规定：制作、运输、复制、出售、出租淫 秽的书刊、图片、影片、音像制品等淫秽物品或者利用信息网络、电话以及其他通信工具传播淫秽信息 的，处十日以上十五日以下拘留，可以并处五千元以下罚款；情节较轻的，处五日以下拘留或者一千元 以上三千元以下罚款。 阮齐林补充，《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚法》主要处罚那些破坏社会治安秩序、但尚不构成犯罪的 行为，以"小刑法"角色形成处罚梯度；与之衔接的，则是《中华人民共和国刑法》明确规定了"传播淫 秽物品牟利罪"和"传播淫秽物品罪"。而回到引发此轮争论的新修订的《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚 法》第八十条，阮齐林表示，它更值得关注的是，在现行《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚法》第六十八 条的基础上增加了第二款要求：前款规定的淫秽物品或者淫秽信息中涉及未成年人的，从重处罚。 2026年1月1日起，新修订的《中华人民共和国治安管理处 ...

Core Viewpoint - The recent media reports suggesting that sharing intimate photos between couples constitutes a violation of the law are a misunderstanding. The new regulations set to take effect on January 1, 2026, are a revision of existing laws rather than a new rule [1] Summary by Relevant Sections Legal Framework - The revised Public Security Administration Punishment Law includes provisions against the dissemination of obscene materials via information networks, with penalties ranging from detention of 10 to 15 days and fines up to 5,000 yuan [1] - The law emphasizes that any individual who produces or disseminates obscene content, without constituting a crime, will face administrative penalties [1] Changes in Regulations - The new law modifies the terminology from "computer information network" to "information network," which some interpret as broadening the scope to include private messages and group shares. However, similar cases have already been penalized under existing laws [1] - The revised law increases the fines and stresses stricter penalties for violations involving minors [1] Misinterpretations and Clarifications - Claims that sharing inappropriate photos between friends or spouses is illegal are deemed inaccurate. Legal repercussions arise primarily when such content is shared with others or leads to widespread dissemination [1] - Distinctions are made between "inappropriate" and "obscene" content, with legal standards in place to determine what constitutes obscenity [1] Enforcement and Privacy Concerns - There are concerns about police monitoring of private conversations; however, law enforcement does not actively surveil private chats. Legal action is typically initiated based on reports and must rely on legally obtained evidence [1] - The essence of the law is to prohibit the creation, transportation, and dissemination of obscene content, targeting behaviors that disrupt social order without criminalizing private exchanges between individuals [1]

对比2012年版与2025年版条文，相关条款的核心变化是将"计算机信息网络"修改为"信息网络"，这在法理上属于典型的"技术中立"修正。在移动互联网高 度普及的今天，智能手机、穿戴设备早已取代PC（台式电脑）成为主流，法律若仍死守"计算机"一词，显然刻舟求剑。这一修改的本意，是确保法律语 言能覆盖当下的技术现实，防止违法者钻技术漏洞。无论是新版还是旧版，法条上从未有过"私聊""群聊"的表述。因此，本次修法的核心绝非要介入原本 属于私隐领域的"私聊"，而是去掉"计算机"三个字使法条表述更精确。 其次，极端个案不能成为普遍适用的"惊悚故事"。 目前的报道中，多引用某地"发送54个视频""发送113个视频"被判刑的案例来佐证"私聊也违法"。但必须厘清的是，这些案例本身属于刑事犯罪（即《中 华人民共和国刑法》传播淫秽物品罪）的范畴，且具有"数量巨大""情节严重"的特征。在司法实践中，行政处罚与刑事犯罪之间存在严格的阶梯。对于普 通公民在私密空间（如一对一聊天）中，法律一直保持着极大的谦抑性。将那些动辄发送上百部视频的极端案例，无限推广到普通人日常的私聊场景中， 不仅逻辑不通，更是对法律的误解。笔者认为，私聊虽非绝对的法 ...

来源：中国青年报 2026年1月1日起，新修订的《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚法》（以下简称《治安管理处罚法》）将正 式施行，其中第80条对传播淫秽信息的处罚规定作出明确细化，对传播淫秽信息加大了处罚力度，相关 话题迅速登上热搜。 中青报·中青网记者发现，与此同时，"明年起向好友发送不雅照片、视频违法""明年起传播淫秽信息违 法" 等词条被大量转发，引发网友热烈讨论，其中，不少内容存在误读和泛读。 新法与旧法的关键差异？ 律师解读 北京泽亨律师事务所财产辩护研究中心主任胡磊律师介绍，新修订的《治安管理处罚法》将于2026年1 月1日起施行，其中第80条是本次修订的重点内容。 《治安管理处罚法》相关新旧法条对比 陕西恒达律师事务所高级合伙人、知名公益律师赵良善分析认为，新法与旧法的关键差异在于： 新法将"计算机信息网络"改为信息网络，扩大了适用范围； 中国青年报（整理：樊星）综合：极目新闻、红星新闻、智通财经等。 夫妻、情侣私聊是否会被认定违法？ 赵良善解释，新法及配套解释尚未对夫妻、情侣间私密情趣互动作出专门免责条款。在司法实践中，通 常以社会危害性为核心判断标准。 夫妻情侣间基于私密、自愿、无扩散风险的性相关 ...

Core Viewpoint - The revised Public Security Administration Punishment Law will take effect on January 1, 2026, aiming to adapt to the changing social security landscape and improve legal frameworks for public security management [1][2]. Group 1: Key Changes in Law - The new law clarifies that actions taken to prevent ongoing illegal harm will not be penalized, promoting the concept of legitimate defense [2][3]. - For minors aged 14-16 and 16-18, the law now allows for detention in cases of serious initial violations, addressing concerns about repeat offenders [3][4]. - Specific provisions against bullying in schools have been established, mandating penalties for acts of bullying and requiring schools to report serious incidents [4]. Group 2: Animal Management Regulations - The law introduces penalties for failing to secure animals, leading to harm to others, including fines or detention [5][6]. - It also addresses the sale and breeding of dangerous animals, establishing a legal framework for enforcement [6]. Group 3: Record Management and Enforcement - The law stipulates that records of administrative violations can be sealed and not disclosed to any entity, enhancing privacy for individuals [7][8]. - It includes provisions for humane treatment of individuals facing detention, allowing for deferment under certain circumstances [7]. Group 4: New Offenses Added - New offenses have been added to the law, including actions that disrupt public transport, high-altitude throwing of objects, and unauthorized drone flights, which will now be subject to penalties [9]. - Other behaviors such as harassment, abuse of vulnerable individuals, and identity fraud have also been classified as punishable offenses [9].

Core Viewpoint - The newly revised Public Security Administration Punishment Law addresses emerging social issues and enhances legal frameworks to ensure public safety and order, effective from January 1, 2026 [1][3]. Summary by Relevant Sections Major Changes in the Law - The law has been updated to include new social issues such as high-altitude throwing, student bullying, and unauthorized drone flights, which were not addressed in the previous version from 2005 [1][3]. - Specific penalties for actions like seizing a driver's steering wheel during transit have been established, with fines up to 1,000 yuan or detention for up to 10 days for severe cases [3][4]. Focus on Minors - The law introduces provisions for punishing minors aged 14-18 for serious violations, allowing for administrative detention under certain circumstances [8][9]. - Measures for educational correction will be applied to minors who do not fall under the detention criteria, ensuring that they are still held accountable [8][9]. Addressing Campus Bullying - The law explicitly categorizes campus bullying as a public security violation, mandating penalties for severe cases and requiring schools to take action against known incidents [9][10]. - Schools are held responsible for failing to report or address bullying, with potential consequences from law enforcement [10][11]. Legal Procedures and Enforcement - The revised law emphasizes the need for standardized enforcement procedures, including mandatory recording of law enforcement actions to enhance accountability [11][13]. - It also clarifies the conditions under which citizens can exercise self-defense, aiming to protect lawful actions while preventing abuse [11][12]. Overall Impact - The updated law expands from 119 to 144 articles, reflecting a comprehensive approach to modern public security challenges and enhancing legal protections for citizens [13].