本文来自微信公众号：经济观察报 （ID：eeo-com-cn），作者：冯雨欣、田进，题图来自：视觉中国 2025年7月29日，河南省驻马店市汝南县气温达到37℃（摄氏度），当地农民张全整夜没合眼。 这一夜，张全只重复一件事情——给自家二三十亩的庄稼地浇水。每块地大概两三亩，浇完一块地就得挪动水管再浇下一块。第二天早上八点，他趁浇水的 间隙赶紧回家匆匆扒了几口饭，又立刻返回田里继续忙碌。 根据河南气象局监测数据，河南大部地区高温闷热天气持续至8月5日，而在此前的35天里，仅出现三天下小雨的天气。驻马店是本次河南干旱最严重的地区 之一，很多支流河道只剩下薄薄一层水，部分河床已裸露在外，水井也近乎干枯。渴了数月的玉米无法依靠自己的根系获得水分，正逐渐萎靡。 张全算了一笔账：一天一夜连续浇水，仅油费就需要花100多元，加上化肥、种子等前期投入，这二三十亩地一季的浇水成本预计有七八千元。对靠田吃饭 的他来说，压力又重了几分。可如果不浇水，玉米棒子就结得小且缺粒严重，这样的玉米很难卖出去。 这不是张全一个人的烦恼。今年夏季，河南、陕西、甘肃以及苏皖北部、山东等地经历了长时间的高温少雨天气，旱情严峻。与此同时，北京、河北、 ...

Core Viewpoint - Climate change is fundamentally altering agricultural practices in China, necessitating adjustments in crop selection and planting schedules to adapt to new weather patterns [1][3][30]. Group 1: Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture - The suitable regions for wheat cultivation are gradually shifting northward, requiring changes in sowing times for winter wheat and the introduction of flood-resistant rice varieties in northeastern China [1][3][30]. - Farmers are facing increased costs due to prolonged droughts and extreme weather, leading to higher irrigation expenses and reduced crop yields [2][3][20]. - The frequency of extreme weather events has increased, with a notable rise in high-temperature days and drought conditions affecting crop production across various regions [26][30]. Group 2: Adaptation Strategies - Farmers are beginning to adopt new planting strategies, such as using drought-resistant seeds and investing in irrigation infrastructure to cope with changing climate conditions [3][22][31]. - The Chinese government is initiating a nationwide agricultural climate zoning project to redefine crop planting areas based on current climate conditions [4][30]. - High-standard farmland construction is being promoted as a key method to mitigate the impacts of climate change, enhancing irrigation efficiency and reducing the risk of crop failure [32][31]. Group 3: Economic Implications for Farmers - The financial burden on farmers is increasing due to higher irrigation costs and reduced crop yields, leading some to reconsider their agricultural practices or exit farming altogether [2][27][28]. - In regions like Henan and Shaanxi, farmers report significant drops in income due to adverse weather conditions, with some expecting a 30% decrease in yields compared to previous years [12][20][27]. - The rising costs of labor and inputs for crop production are pushing farmers to shift from high-maintenance crops to more resilient options like wheat and corn [27][28].