2025年度水利科学技术研究五大前沿热点词发布 中新网11月24日电 据"中国水利"微信公众号消息，11月21—22日，全国科学技术名词审定委员会2025 年度工作会议暨学术年会在京举办，会议期间发布了涵盖11个学科领域的68条2025年度科学技术研究前 沿热点词，其中"国家水网""智能大坝""数字孪生水利体系""旱涝急转""幸福河湖"等5个水利科学技术研 究热点词成功入选，集中反映了当前水利科技发展的前沿动态与未来趋势。 此次发布的水利科学技术前沿热点词，由全国水利科技名词审定委员会在全国科学技术名词审定委员 会、水利部国科司指导下组织征集推荐，经多轮专家论证审议后确定。"国家水网"是指以自然河湖为基 础、引调排水工程为通道、调蓄工程为节点、智慧调控为手段，集水资源优化配置、流域防洪减灾、水 生态系统保护等功能于一体的综合性水利工程体系。"智能大坝"是新一代信息技术与传统大坝工程深度 融合的产物，其核心在于通过物联网、大数据、人工智能、数字孪生等技术，实现大坝工程全生命周期 的透彻化感知、智能化分析、精准化决策与协同化管理。"数字孪生水利体系"是以物理水利对象为单 元、时空数据为底座、数学模型为核心、水利知 ...

9月以来，河南、山东、河北和陕西、山西、安徽、江苏部分夏播玉米主产区迎来持续降雨，新季玉米 产量、质量受到一定影响。同时，国产小麦价格不断走高，且今年我国进口玉米及替代品数量降幅较 大。笔者调研发现，未来东北玉米可能承担满足国内饲料加工及养殖企业原料需求的"重任"。 夏播玉米主产区"旱涝急转" 对河南、山东、河北等夏播玉米主产区的广大农民来说，今年种植玉米的过程可以用一个字来形容，就 是"难"。 今年6月至9月下旬，期货日报记者数次深入河南、山东、河北等地对玉米生长情况进行调研。从调研情 况看，今年6月至9月初，河南、山东和河北、陕西部分地区出现持续干旱天气，河南的旱情较为严重， 特别是驻马店、南阳、周口等地，当地农民不得不想尽办法抗旱保苗。 "今年夏季，我们这里遭遇了持续高温干旱天气，尤其是在7月至8月玉米生长旺季和抽雄结穗期，38℃ 左右的高温成了'家常便饭'。有水源的地方，农民浇水四五遍才能保证玉米生长对水分的需求，但缺少 水源的地方，就不能保证了。"河南泌阳县双庙乡农民刘兴业说，他今年承包了100多亩地种植玉米和花 生，旱死或大幅减产的田块占比不小。 河南省气象局公布的统计数据显示，今年7月，河南全省 ...

Group 1 - The article emphasizes the importance of a dual approach to flood and drought management, highlighting the need for comprehensive disaster prevention strategies [1][2][3] - Recent heavy rainfall in Zhengzhou is expected to alleviate drought conditions, but there is a warning about potential secondary disasters caused by localized heavy rain [1][2] - The concept of "rapid transition from drought to flood" is discussed, indicating that extreme weather can lead to geological disasters such as landslides and mudslides due to the soil's compromised structure from prolonged drought [1][2] Group 2 - Local governments are actively engaged in drought relief efforts while remaining vigilant against the complexities of weather changes and the risks of sudden heavy rainfall [2] - The article stresses the need for cities to implement measures to prevent urban flooding and ensure the safety of public electrical facilities during extreme weather events [2] - It highlights the necessity for tailored disaster response plans that consider local conditions and risks, ensuring preparedness through coordinated efforts and scientific management [2]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of effective flood prevention and disaster relief measures in response to severe weather conditions in Henan Province, highlighting the need for preparedness and timely action to protect public safety and property [1][2]. Group 1: Emergency Response Measures - The provincial leadership, including Secretary Liu Ning, stresses the necessity of maintaining a combat-ready mindset and ensuring that all levels of organization, command, prevention, and response are in place to safeguard lives and property [1]. - Liu Ning calls for precise and efficient forecasting of localized severe weather events, enhancing the accuracy and coverage of rainfall predictions, and ensuring that no household or individual is overlooked in emergency responses [2]. Group 2: Infrastructure and Resource Management - The focus is on preventing flooding in low-lying urban areas and key infrastructure, including reservoirs and tunnels, with an emphasis on early detection of risks and timely evacuation of personnel [2]. - The article mentions the ongoing drought in some regions and indicates that the current rainfall will help alleviate drought conditions, highlighting the need for a balanced approach to flood and drought management [2]. Group 3: Coordination and Communication - Liu Ning emphasizes the importance of strict duty management and timely communication to ensure that information flows quickly and that measures are implemented effectively [2]. - The article outlines the need for comprehensive preparedness for rescue operations, advocating for a proactive approach to disaster management at the grassroots level [2].

Core Viewpoint - Climate change is fundamentally altering agricultural practices in China, necessitating adjustments in crop selection and planting schedules to adapt to new weather patterns [1][3][30]. Group 1: Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture - The suitable regions for wheat cultivation are gradually shifting northward, requiring changes in sowing times for winter wheat and the introduction of flood-resistant rice varieties in northeastern China [1][3][30]. - Farmers are facing increased costs due to prolonged droughts and extreme weather, leading to higher irrigation expenses and reduced crop yields [2][3][20]. - The frequency of extreme weather events has increased, with a notable rise in high-temperature days and drought conditions affecting crop production across various regions [26][30]. Group 2: Adaptation Strategies - Farmers are beginning to adopt new planting strategies, such as using drought-resistant seeds and investing in irrigation infrastructure to cope with changing climate conditions [3][22][31]. - The Chinese government is initiating a nationwide agricultural climate zoning project to redefine crop planting areas based on current climate conditions [4][30]. - High-standard farmland construction is being promoted as a key method to mitigate the impacts of climate change, enhancing irrigation efficiency and reducing the risk of crop failure [32][31]. Group 3: Economic Implications for Farmers - The financial burden on farmers is increasing due to higher irrigation costs and reduced crop yields, leading some to reconsider their agricultural practices or exit farming altogether [2][27][28]. - In regions like Henan and Shaanxi, farmers report significant drops in income due to adverse weather conditions, with some expecting a 30% decrease in yields compared to previous years [12][20][27]. - The rising costs of labor and inputs for crop production are pushing farmers to shift from high-maintenance crops to more resilient options like wheat and corn [27][28].

Core Viewpoint - The ongoing severe drought in Henan province has raised concerns about food security and livelihood, prompting urgent measures to mitigate its impact on agricultural production [1] Group 1: Current Drought Situation - The drought is primarily affecting southern and eastern Henan, with the most severe conditions reported in cities like Zhumadian, Zhoukou, and Nanyang, where the affected crop area has reached 1.762 million acres [2] - Since the onset of the drought in early July, a total of 124 million acres have been irrigated, with most affected areas receiving 2 to 4 rounds of irrigation to stabilize autumn crop production [2] Group 2: Causes and Characteristics of the Drought - The drought is attributed to the early northward movement of the Western Pacific subtropical high, leading to prolonged high temperatures and high humidity [3] - Key characteristics of this year's drought include extreme temperatures exceeding 38°C in most areas, with some locations surpassing 40°C; a significant reduction in rainfall, with an average of 81 mm recorded, which is over 50% less than the historical average; and a prolonged dry spell, with some areas experiencing over 30 days without effective rainfall [3] Group 3: Impact on Autumn Crop Production - The drought poses a significant threat to autumn crops, particularly corn and peanuts, which are highly sensitive to water shortages during critical growth stages [4] - Insufficient rainfall and drought conditions can lead to poor pollination and reduced yields for corn, while peanuts may struggle with fruit development due to hard soil conditions [4] Group 4: Measures Taken to Combat Drought - The provincial government has allocated emergency funds totaling 200 million yuan for drought relief, with additional support for key areas to facilitate irrigation and water supply [5] - Efforts include the repair of 1.15 million wells, the drilling of 18,800 emergency wells, and the diversion of 1.1 billion cubic meters of water from large reservoirs to support irrigation [5] - Agricultural experts have been deployed to provide guidance and training to farmers, with nearly 491,000 visits and 857 training sessions conducted [5] Group 5: Future Weather Outlook - Forecasts indicate potential rainfall starting August 5, with varying degrees of precipitation expected across the province, which may help alleviate some drought conditions [6][7] - However, localized areas may still experience insufficient moisture, and drought conditions could persist despite the anticipated rainfall [7] Group 6: Mechanisms to Prevent Flooding - To mitigate the risk of flooding following drought conditions, the government has invested 5.112 billion yuan in rural drainage improvements, completing 117,600 kilometers of channel connections [8] - A pre-warning mechanism has been established in collaboration with meteorological departments to issue flood risk alerts based on rainfall and soil moisture conditions [8]

Core Insights - The extreme rainfall in North China is characterized by prolonged duration and significant localized precipitation, with areas like Beijing experiencing rainfall exceeding 500 to 600 millimeters in just 3 to 4 days, which is equivalent to the annual rainfall for the same period [1] - The occurrence of this extreme weather is attributed to the northward movement of the subtropical high pressure, which continuously transports moisture to the northern regions, compounded by geographical factors that enhance rainfall intensity [1] - The current weather pattern reflects a typical flood season in China, where strong rainfall coincides with high temperatures, leading to challenges in agricultural production, particularly for crops like corn that are in critical growth stages [1] Weather Impact - The strong rainfall process in North China is gradually weakening, with the core rainfall expected to conclude, although short-term thunderstorms and showers may still occur in the next two days [2] - The transition from dry to wet conditions has created a scenario of "drought-flood rapid transition," posing risks to agricultural production, necessitating vigilance against flooding and pest issues [1]

Group 1 - The article emphasizes the importance of flood prevention and disaster relief work during the critical period of "July down, August up" [1][2] - Liu Ning, the provincial secretary, conducted inspections of water conservancy projects and flood control facilities in Hebi City, highlighting the need for strict implementation of flood prevention measures and political responsibility [1][3] - The article mentions the forecast of convective rainfall in Hebi City from July 29 to 30, which necessitates heightened vigilance and preparedness for flood control [1][2] Group 2 - Liu Ning stressed the need for enhanced collaboration and information sharing among upstream and downstream entities to improve flood management and response capabilities [2][3] - The article discusses the importance of pre-positioning emergency rescue teams and ensuring timely responses to emergencies to safeguard public safety [2][3] - It highlights the necessity of preparing for both drought and flood conditions, with a focus on water resource management and ensuring drinking water and food production safety [3]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the current weather patterns in China, highlighting the early onset of the rainy season and the associated risks of flooding and drought, particularly in northern and southern regions respectively [1][3]. Group 1: Weather Patterns and Predictions - The average national precipitation is 6.2% lower than the historical average, with the highest number of high-temperature days recorded for this period [1]. - The rainy season has started 13 days earlier than usual, leading to increased risks of frequent heavy rainfall in northern China, where flood control infrastructure is relatively weak [3]. - Southern regions, particularly the Yangtze River basin, are experiencing reduced rainfall, raising concerns about drought conditions [3]. Group 2: Rainfall Distribution and Impact - The rainfall distribution for August is predicted to be uneven, with northern and northeastern regions, as well as southern areas like Guangdong and Hainan, experiencing 20-50% more rainfall, while regions like Chongqing, Hunan, and Hubei may see 20-50% less [6]. - The increased rainfall in certain areas necessitates heightened vigilance against flood and geological disasters, especially in northern regions that have faced severe flooding in recent years [6]. Group 3: Health and Climate Mapping - The national meteorological health map is based on 30 years of data from 2,400 counties, aiming to provide a clear understanding of how weather affects health and well-being [7][9]. - The map evaluates climate comfort based on multiple factors, including temperature, humidity, wind speed, and air quality, to guide the public in making informed decisions about health and wellness [10][12].

Core Viewpoint - A significant rainfall event is expected to impact multiple provinces in southern China, with the potential for severe weather conditions and secondary disasters due to the heavy rainfall [1][3][7]. Summary by Relevant Sections Rainfall Impact Areas - The core impact areas for the upcoming rainfall include nine provinces: Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Guizhou, and Guangxi [3][4]. - Rainfall is expected to be concentrated in regions such as southern Shaanxi, eastern Sichuan, western Hubei, and southeastern Henan, with potential for heavy rain from June 19 to 21 [3][6]. Rainfall Intensity and Duration - The rainfall process is characterized by a long duration and significant cumulative rainfall, with some areas receiving over 100 millimeters, and localized regions potentially reaching 200 to 300 millimeters [3][6]. - Compared to historical averages, the intensity of this rainfall event is expected to be stronger due to the influence of a strong subtropical high and cold air masses [4][6]. Weather Patterns and Causes - The formation of this rainfall is attributed to the interaction of warm and cold air masses, leading to sustained heavy rainfall across the Yangtze River basin [4][6]. - The subtropical high is expected to shift northward, facilitating the movement of warm, moist air into the affected regions [4][6]. Secondary Disaster Risks - There is a heightened risk of secondary disasters such as flash floods and geological hazards in areas with significant rainfall accumulation, particularly in eastern Guangxi, northern Hubei, and southwestern Hunan [7][9]. - The rainfall is also expected to alleviate drought conditions in several regions, including the Sichuan basin and parts of Henan, while still posing risks of rapid transitions from drought to flooding [7][9].