地球"热麻了"！ 6月葡萄牙莫拉地区46.6℃；西班牙局部地区46℃，打破1965年以来纪录；法国40.9℃，创气温新高；意 大利对21城发布最高级别红色警报…… 今年入汛以来，我国平均高温日数为历史同期最多；今年立夏至大暑节气期间，我国平均气温为1961年 以来最高；截至8月7日，国家级气象站已有94个打破8月高温纪录。 全球是否正面临热浪常态化趋势？高温天气对经济运行会产生哪些直接和间接影响？我们又该如何应 对？ 极端高温对经济的直接影响集中体现为对生产系统的物理性冲击，包括电网峰值负荷持续突破上限触发 工业限电，迫使企业停工停产；高温导致航道水深下降，抬升物流成本；高温干旱引发农作物热害，造 成产量锐减。 近日，《每日经济新闻》记者（以下简称NBD）对国家气候中心气候变化监测预估室正研级高工柳艳 菊、业务系统发展与运控室高级工程师张思齐、气候服务室高级工程师崔童、气候预测室高级工程师吕 卓卓、气候变化影响适应室副研究员黄大鹏、气候变化战略研究室工程师徐源等6位专家进行专访，请 他们详细解读高温对经济的影响。 地球正在经历热浪常态化 NBD：近年来，全球多地高温频频刷新纪录，我们是否正面临热浪常态化趋势？ ...

Group 1 - The phenomenon of heatwaves has become a normalized trend globally, posing threats to human health, economic security, and ecological systems [3][7] - Human activities, particularly greenhouse gas emissions since the Industrial Revolution, are identified as the primary drivers of extreme temperature changes [4][5] - In China, the average number of high-temperature days has increased by 25% over the past decade, with extreme heat events evolving into continuous compound disasters [6][24] Group 2 - High temperatures have led to significant income losses globally, with potential labor hours and income losses reaching new highs [8] - Direct impacts of extreme heat on the economy include physical shocks to production systems, such as industrial power restrictions and increased logistics costs due to lower water levels [9][10] - Indirect impacts manifest through supply chain disruptions and rising food inflation due to agricultural losses and transportation issues [10][11] Group 3 - The tourism industry is experiencing shifts, with a decrease in visitors to traditional scenic spots and an increase in demand for summer retreat destinations, as temperatures rise [13][15] - Historical data indicates that for every 1°C increase in temperature, tourist arrivals decrease by approximately 8.1%, leading to a 6% reduction in tourism revenue [13] Group 4 - The extreme heat has stimulated demand for renewable energy installations, particularly solar power, as high temperatures coincide with peak electricity demand [22] - Collaborative mechanisms between climate and energy departments are being established to predict and manage electricity demand during heatwaves [18][19] - The pressure from high temperatures is accelerating the development of smart energy networks and the adoption of heat-resistant materials in coastal regions [25][21] Group 5 - Different regions in China face unique challenges and opportunities in responding to high temperatures, with coastal areas focusing on high-tech solutions and the central and western regions addressing agricultural water shortages [24][26] - Infrastructure improvements, such as urban planning and agricultural adaptations, are essential to mitigate the impacts of extreme heat on economic development [27][29] - Learning from international experiences, China can enhance its agricultural resilience through drought-resistant crop varieties and innovative insurance mechanisms [31][36]