儒艮地理分布范围。受访单位供图 被称为"美人鱼"的儒艮，是海牛目儒艮科唯一现存海洋物种，在世界自然保护联盟IUCN红色名录中被列为易危物种。它对维护海草床生态系统健康具 有关键作用，其摄食行为能促进海草更新，维持栖息地生物多样性。 据了解，2008年，海南省东方市发现的死亡儒艮是中国大陆最后一次目击记录。2022年，儒艮被宣布在中国大陆沿海功能性灭绝。 今年7月8日，永暑礁驻岛环保部门巡视人员首次在海岛西南方海域发现浮在海面换气的"大鱼"，并在其后近一个月内持续观测到其在该海域的活动；8 月2日－3日，巡视人员与驻岛科研人员两次近距离观测到"大鱼"在该海域活动，并采集到影像资料。相关资料经鉴定，正是儒艮。8月11日，科研人员再次 目击了儒艮在海面的活动情况。 "我国南海北部，如广西、广东沿海近岸的儒艮种群已于20世纪末至21世纪初急剧衰退，南海中南部海域虽有零星渔民目击报告，但从未有经科研机构 确证的影像或实体记录。"中国科学院南海海洋所研究员秦耿指出，此次发现与今年3月中国台湾宜兰海域的记录形成呼应，共同构成近10年来我国海域内极 为罕见的儒艮分布实证，为研究全球变化和人类活动双重影响下该物种的跨海域迁徙扩 ...

据路透社报道，这项由智利政府气候变化与可持续发展委员会发起的行动旨在保护达尔文蛙的栖息 地和繁殖区，包括与私人土地所有者合作等多种形式，目标是尽可能发现达尔文蛙的新种群，并大幅增 加现有种群的栖息地面积。 智利环境部物种保护部门负责人查里夫·塔拉(Charif Tala)表示，智利森林的碎片化已导致达尔文蛙 种群数量下降至62只，保护工作刻不容缓。该部门方面还证实，在蛙类数量急剧下降之后，近年来智利 政府才开始对蛙类种群进行监测。 据媒体报道，森林火灾、气候变化、入侵物种和城市化进程对智利南部和阿根廷的湿润森林造成破 坏，而达尔文蛙的主要栖息地正是上述地点。 圣地亚哥消息：据媒体7月31日报道，智利政府启动了一项新的保护行动，旨在拯救该国濒危的达 尔文蛙种群。 智利一家名为"达尔文蛙"(Ranita de Darwin)的非政府组织负责人安德烈斯·巴伦苏埃拉(Andres Valenzuela)表示，他希望这项行动能够提高智利人民对达尔文蛙困境的认识。"我们非常希望这能促进 我们对达尔文蛙的保护工作，并希望我们国家的人民能够开始欣赏这些在我们原生森林中生存的独特而 重要的物种，"巴伦苏埃拉说。 达尔文蛙是一种 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Lushan Botanical Garden, established in the 1930s, has evolved into a comprehensive academic institution focusing on research, conservation, and public education, serving as a model for ecological protection and green development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt [3][4][6]. Group 1: Historical Significance - The Lushan Botanical Garden is recognized as China's first formal scientific botanical garden, founded in 1934 by scholars with a vision for national service [4]. - Over its 91-year history, the garden has maintained its mission of "researching plants for the benefit of humanity," contributing to scientific development during the establishment of New China and expanding its influence internationally post-reform [4][5]. Group 2: Research and Innovation - The garden emphasizes biodiversity protection and has undertaken numerous national and provincial key research projects, producing influential results and gaining international recognition [6]. - Key breakthroughs include understanding the hydraulic efficiency of angiosperm leaves in relation to climate change, analyzing water characteristics of Poyang Lake for ecological protection, and developing new fruit varieties [6][7]. Group 3: Species Protection - The Lushan Botanical Garden serves as a vital plant genetic resource bank, preserving over 10,000 living plant species, including many national key protected and endangered species [7]. - The garden aims to create a national botanical garden, enhancing its facilities and optimizing its landscape to support plant conservation efforts [7][8]. Group 4: Open Collaboration - The garden promotes an open and shared philosophy, hosting international academic conferences and training programs, thus becoming a significant platform for showcasing China's achievements in plant science [8]. - Collaborations with international institutions and local nature reserves enhance biodiversity research and conservation efforts [8][9]. Group 5: Technological Expansion - The establishment of the South Garden focuses on subtropical low-altitude plant resources, featuring specialized greenhouses and preserving thousands of rare plants [9]. - The garden has developed several key laboratories and innovative projects, including immersive botanical theme parks that combine research, industry support, and public education [9][10]. Group 6: Future Development - The Lushan Botanical Garden is committed to becoming a key member of China's national botanical garden system, enhancing its research facilities and talent pool [10][11]. - The garden is advancing digital transformation initiatives, including a digital specimen database and real-time monitoring systems for plant management, supporting ecological research in the Yangtze River Economic Belt [10][11].

Core Viewpoint - China's ambitious ecological restoration projects have transformed the Loess Plateau, previously one of the most severely degraded areas, leading to a significant return of endangered bird species as a testament to ecological balance restoration [1][2] Group 1: Ecological Restoration Efforts - The Chinese government initiated the "Grain for Green" program at the end of the 20th century to combat desertification and restore ecosystems, resulting in over 30,000 square kilometers of rain-fed farmland being converted to forests or grasslands by 2016 [1] - Vegetation coverage increased by 25% over a decade, with the forest and grassland coverage on the Loess Plateau rising from 31.6% in 1999 to 67% in 2020, marking a historic transformation from barren to green [1] Group 2: Biodiversity and Wildlife Return - The restoration efforts have not only reduced soil erosion but also gradually restored biodiversity, with a significant number of bird species returning to the region, indicating the success of the ecological project [2] - As of 2024, data recorded 2,852 animals representing 69 different species in the area, showcasing the positive impact of artificial reforestation on nesting species and the stabilization of the local ecosystem [2] Group 3: Symbolic Species and Ecological Impact - In October 2023, 40 captive-bred Crested Ibis, a species once on the brink of extinction in China, were released back into the Loess Plateau, symbolizing China's commitment to species conservation [2] - The returning bird populations play a crucial role in stabilizing the plateau's ecosystem by aiding in seed dispersal, which accelerates natural vegetation regeneration [2]