新华社北京9月12日电 美国研究人员发现了一种此前未知的细胞修复机制：受损细胞通过"呕吐"出内 部"垃圾"迅速缩小体积，以更快回到类似干细胞的状态，从而加速组织修复。但这一过程也可能助长炎 症，甚至可能推动癌症的发生。 但研究还发现，虽然这种机制帮助受损细胞完成修复，但代价是产生了额外废物。这些废物可能引发炎 症，使慢性损伤更难痊愈，并增加癌症风险。 研究人员指出，胃细胞寿命较长，在衰老过程中往往会积累突变。如果这些老化且带突变的细胞为修复 损伤而尝试回到类似干细胞状态，同时损伤又常常伴随着炎症，那么就更容易扩增有害突变，继而导致 癌症。（完） 圣路易斯华盛顿大学医学院和贝勒医学院的研究人员在美国《细胞报告》杂志上发表论文说，他们把细 胞将受损碎片像"呕吐"一样排除出去的过程称为"清除式排泄"，它能帮助细胞更快地清空内部杂物，专 注于再生健康组织，而不必完全依赖于缓慢、可控的降解机制。研究人员利用小鼠胃损伤模型发现，细 胞将受损碎片"呕吐"出去的情况在所有胃细胞中几乎都有发生。 论文说，虽然细胞受伤后的首要任务是修复损伤，但细胞内负责修复的成熟细胞器有时反而会妨碍这一 过程。于是，细胞索性清除掉这些障碍，迅速 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the alarming increase in diabetes prevalence in China, emphasizing its significant impact on mortality and life expectancy, particularly among specific demographics such as rural populations and younger individuals [5][8][12]. Summary by Sections Diabetes Prevalence and Impact - Diabetes incidence in China surged 17 times from 0.7% in 1980 to 12.4% in 2018, with over 140 million adult patients by 2021, projected to reach 174 million by 2045 [5]. - The proportion of prediabetic individuals has reached 38.1%, indicating a growing public health concern [5]. Mortality Risks Associated with Diabetes - A study published in "Diabetes Care" revealed that diabetes patients face a 61% higher risk of all-cause mortality and a 59% increased risk of death from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) compared to those with normal blood sugar levels [6][8]. - Even prediabetic individuals experience an 8% and 10% increase in all-cause and CVD mortality risks, respectively [6]. Life Expectancy Reduction - Diagnosis of diabetes at age 40 can reduce life expectancy by approximately 4.2 years for women and 4.3 years for men [8]. - Prediabetic individuals also face a reduction in life expectancy, averaging 0.7 years for those diagnosed at 40 [8]. Cardiovascular Disease Risks - Diabetes patients have a 59% increased risk of death from CVD, with rural patients facing a 75% higher risk compared to urban counterparts [12]. - Younger patients (under 65) are at a higher risk of CVD-related mortality than older patients, with a 89% increase compared to 42% for older groups [12]. Cancer and Other Health Risks - Diabetes patients show a 31% higher overall cancer mortality rate, with specific increases of 40% for lung cancer and 134% for liver cancer [13][14]. - The study emphasizes the need for targeted prevention strategies, especially in rural areas and among younger populations [14]. Recommendations for Action - Establishing a diabetes-CVD prevention and control system in rural areas is crucial [14]. - Clinical treatments should consider the patient's location and age to enhance effectiveness [14]. - There is a strong call for increased public awareness and early screening for blood sugar abnormalities to mitigate health risks [14].