Core Findings - Researchers have discovered a previously unknown cell repair mechanism where damaged cells "vomit" internal debris to rapidly shrink in size and return to a stem cell-like state, thereby accelerating tissue repair [1] - This process, termed "clearance exocytosis," allows cells to quickly eliminate internal waste and focus on regenerating healthy tissue, rather than relying solely on slower degradation mechanisms [1] - While this mechanism aids in cell repair, it also generates additional waste that may lead to inflammation and potentially increase cancer risk [1] Group 1 - The study was conducted by researchers from Washington University in St. Louis and Baylor College of Medicine, and the findings were published in the journal Cell Reports [1] - The research utilized a mouse model of gastric injury, revealing that the "vomiting" of damaged fragments occurs in nearly all gastric cells [1] - The primary task of injured cells is to repair damage, but mature organelles responsible for repair can sometimes hinder this process, prompting cells to eliminate these obstacles and revert to a smaller, primitive state with proliferative capabilities [1] Group 2 - Gastric cells have a long lifespan and often accumulate mutations during aging, which can complicate the repair process [2] - When aging and mutated cells attempt to revert to a stem cell-like state in the presence of inflammation, there is a heightened risk of amplifying harmful mutations, potentially leading to cancer [2]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the alarming increase in diabetes prevalence in China, emphasizing its significant impact on mortality and life expectancy, particularly among specific demographics such as rural populations and younger individuals [5][8][12]. Summary by Sections Diabetes Prevalence and Impact - Diabetes incidence in China surged 17 times from 0.7% in 1980 to 12.4% in 2018, with over 140 million adult patients by 2021, projected to reach 174 million by 2045 [5]. - The proportion of prediabetic individuals has reached 38.1%, indicating a growing public health concern [5]. Mortality Risks Associated with Diabetes - A study published in "Diabetes Care" revealed that diabetes patients face a 61% higher risk of all-cause mortality and a 59% increased risk of death from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) compared to those with normal blood sugar levels [6][8]. - Even prediabetic individuals experience an 8% and 10% increase in all-cause and CVD mortality risks, respectively [6]. Life Expectancy Reduction - Diagnosis of diabetes at age 40 can reduce life expectancy by approximately 4.2 years for women and 4.3 years for men [8]. - Prediabetic individuals also face a reduction in life expectancy, averaging 0.7 years for those diagnosed at 40 [8]. Cardiovascular Disease Risks - Diabetes patients have a 59% increased risk of death from CVD, with rural patients facing a 75% higher risk compared to urban counterparts [12]. - Younger patients (under 65) are at a higher risk of CVD-related mortality than older patients, with a 89% increase compared to 42% for older groups [12]. Cancer and Other Health Risks - Diabetes patients show a 31% higher overall cancer mortality rate, with specific increases of 40% for lung cancer and 134% for liver cancer [13][14]. - The study emphasizes the need for targeted prevention strategies, especially in rural areas and among younger populations [14]. Recommendations for Action - Establishing a diabetes-CVD prevention and control system in rural areas is crucial [14]. - Clinical treatments should consider the patient's location and age to enhance effectiveness [14]. - There is a strong call for increased public awareness and early screening for blood sugar abnormalities to mitigate health risks [14].