Core Viewpoint - The restoration of the Nanchan Temple Hall is a significant case of "research-based restoration," highlighting the evolving understanding and methodologies in cultural heritage preservation over the past decades [4][9]. Group 1: Historical Context - Nanchan Temple Hall is the earliest existing Tang Dynasty wooden structure in China, predating the Foguang Temple by 75 years [4]. - The temple was severely damaged by the time it was discovered in 1953, prompting the need for repairs [4]. - Initial restoration plans were proposed in 1954 but were delayed until 1974 due to various challenges, including the 1966 earthquake [4][6]. Group 2: Restoration Methodologies - The 1954 restoration plan focused on "current condition repair," while the 1974 plan adopted a "full-frame repair" approach, reflecting changes in the building's condition over 20 years [6][8]. - The 1974 restoration emphasized preserving the original structure and components, ensuring that the main structural elements remained unchanged [6][8]. - The restoration process involved extensive research, including literature review, comparative studies, and archaeological findings to determine accurate dimensions and structural integrity [7][9]. Group 3: Expert Opinions and Debates - Experts provided critical feedback on the restoration plans, advocating for caution and thorough research before making alterations [5][6]. - The choice of "chiwei" (ridge ornament) style during restoration sparked significant debate among experts, with differing opinions on the appropriate historical references to use [9]. - The restoration utilized modern materials and techniques, such as epoxy resin, raising questions about compatibility with original wooden components [9]. Group 4: Lessons Learned - The Nanchan Temple Hall restoration exemplifies the importance of integrating research throughout the restoration process, from initial surveys to implementation [9]. - The collaborative approach among experts and the emphasis on preserving original materials and structures serve as valuable lessons for contemporary restoration practices [9].

Core Points - The Beijing Municipal People's Congress held a meeting to review the draft of the "Beijing Great Wall Protection Regulations," which aims to establish a management system for the protection of the Great Wall and improve visitor management [1][2] Group 1: Legislative Framework - The draft emphasizes a shift from "rescue protection" to a balanced approach of "preventive protection" and "research-based restoration" [2][3] - The Great Wall in Beijing spans 520.77 kilometers and is recognized as one of the best-preserved and culturally significant sections among 15 provinces and cities [2] - The legislation aims to solidify practical experiences in Great Wall protection, including integrating archaeological excavations and digital initiatives [2][3] Group 2: Protection Mechanisms - The draft outlines a comprehensive protection mechanism, including defining protection zones, establishing records, and setting up protective institutions [1][4] - It mandates the establishment of a collaborative protection mechanism among Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, extending protection to related cultural relics beyond the Great Wall itself [4] - The draft specifies conditions and procedures for adjusting protection zones and construction control areas, requiring archaeological investigations for any construction within these areas [4] Group 3: Visitor Management - The draft details the management of visitor areas, including conditions for designating sections of the Great Wall as tourist sites and the responsibilities of local governments [5] - Non-tourist sections may implement measures such as electronic fences to deter climbing, while management units are tasked with enforcing these measures [5] - The draft encourages educational activities and international cooperation related to Great Wall protection [5]