"大而美"法案因将会导致联邦援助削减、长期债务增加和为富人及大企业减税等而备受争议。该法案已 于本月1日获参议院通过。3日，该法案以218票赞成、214票反对的微弱优势在众议院获得通过，所有民 主党议员都投了反对票，此外还有2名共和党议员加入反对阵营。美联社称，此次投票过程极为胶着， 共和党参众院领袖通宵斡旋。 媒体披露称，就连副总统万斯也亲自施压，劝说少数持怀疑态度的议员放弃反对。众议院少数党领袖哈 基姆.杰弗里斯则以长达8小时46分的发言时间，表达对"大而美"法案的反对，打破时任众议院少数党领 袖凯文.麦卡锡2021年在众议院创下的8小时32分钟演讲纪录。 美联社称，"大而美"法案的核心是延长特朗普在首个任期内颁布的4.5万亿美元减税政策，并增加多项 减税政策。此外，法案包括3500亿美元的巨额投资，用于国家安全、驱逐移民以及帮助研发"金穹"天基 导弹防御系统。据路透社3日报道，为加强美国在北极地区的主导地位，法案还将拨款超86亿美元用于 增加美国海岸警卫队在北极的破冰船队。为了抵消税收损失，法案对1.2万亿美元的医疗补助和食品券 计划等进行削减，并大幅取消绿色能源税收抵免。根据美国国会预算办公室的数据， ...

Core Points - The "One Big Beautiful Bill Act" is a significant budget plan that has caused a deep divide between the two major political parties in the U.S. and even within the Republican Party itself [1][6][21] Tax Policy - The act includes tax cuts for all income groups, with wealthier individuals benefiting the most. It permanently extends the tax cuts from the 2017 tax reform, reducing corporate tax rates from 35% to 21% and personal income tax rates up to 37% [2][3] - New tax exemptions include tips and overtime pay for service industry workers, benefiting millions of low-income earners. However, it imposes additional taxes on countries with "unfair foreign taxes," potentially leading to trade conflicts [2][3] Social Welfare Cuts - To offset the revenue loss from tax cuts, the act proposes cuts to social welfare programs, including Medicaid and food assistance programs [3][4][5] - Medicaid will see stricter work requirements, potentially resulting in 2 million low-income individuals losing their health insurance. Additionally, funding for rural hospitals will be reduced by over 20%, risking closures [4] - The age limit for food assistance (SNAP) eligibility will be raised from 54 to 64, cutting $230 billion in funding and affecting 2.3 million elderly individuals [5] Debt and Fiscal Adjustments - The act necessitates an increase in the federal debt ceiling by $5 trillion, with a projected deficit increase of $3.3 trillion over the next decade [8] - Spending adjustments include a $1.2 trillion reduction in healthcare, welfare, and clean energy subsidies, while increasing defense spending by $150 billion and border security by $465 billion [8] Energy and Industrial Policy - The act terminates clean energy subsidies, including tax credits for electric vehicles and renewable energy projects, while supporting traditional energy sources [8] - It includes provisions that prevent projects involving "foreign adversaries" from receiving tax credits, compelling U.S. companies to sever ties with Chinese supply chains [8] Political Dynamics - The act has led to significant political conflict, with Democrats opposing it vehemently, while some Republicans also express concerns over its implications [21][24] - The passage of the act was contentious, with a narrow margin in both the House and Senate, highlighting the deep divisions within Congress [18][20] Conclusion - The act represents a critical moment in U.S. fiscal policy, with potential long-term implications for social welfare, taxation, and political dynamics, as it awaits the President's signature [16][17]