"大而美"法案因将会导致联邦援助削减、长期债务增加和为富人及大企业减税等而备受争议。该法案已 于本月1日获参议院通过。3日，该法案以218票赞成、214票反对的微弱优势在众议院获得通过，所有民 主党议员都投了反对票，此外还有2名共和党议员加入反对阵营。美联社称，此次投票过程极为胶着， 共和党参众院领袖通宵斡旋。 媒体披露称，就连副总统万斯也亲自施压，劝说少数持怀疑态度的议员放弃反对。众议院少数党领袖哈 基姆.杰弗里斯则以长达8小时46分的发言时间，表达对"大而美"法案的反对，打破时任众议院少数党领 袖凯文.麦卡锡2021年在众议院创下的8小时32分钟演讲纪录。 美联社称，"大而美"法案的核心是延长特朗普在首个任期内颁布的4.5万亿美元减税政策，并增加多项 减税政策。此外，法案包括3500亿美元的巨额投资，用于国家安全、驱逐移民以及帮助研发"金穹"天基 导弹防御系统。据路透社3日报道，为加强美国在北极地区的主导地位，法案还将拨款超86亿美元用于 增加美国海岸警卫队在北极的破冰船队。为了抵消税收损失，法案对1.2万亿美元的医疗补助和食品券 计划等进行削减，并大幅取消绿色能源税收抵免。根据美国国会预算办公室的数据， ...

Core Points - The U.S. House of Representatives passed the "Big and Beautiful" bill aimed at extending tax cuts and significantly reducing social security programs, which has sparked protests among some American citizens [1][3] - President Trump hailed the bill as a "remarkable victory" and a "declaration of independence from national decline," coinciding with the 250th anniversary of the U.S. [1][3] Legislative Details - The bill, comprising approximately 900 pages, integrates Republican priorities and was passed with a narrow margin of 218 votes in favor and 214 against, with all Democrats opposing it and two Republicans joining them [3][4] - The core of the bill extends Trump's $4.5 trillion tax cut policy and includes $350 billion in investments for national security and immigration, as well as funding for missile defense systems [4] - To offset tax revenue losses, the bill proposes cuts to $1.2 trillion in Medicaid and food stamp programs and eliminates green energy tax credits [4] Political Reactions - Republican leaders described the bill as the most comprehensive conservative reform in modern history, while Democrats criticized it as a "robbery from the poor to give to the rich" [5] - Internal divisions within the Republican Party were highlighted during the voting process, with some members expressing dissatisfaction with parts of the bill [5] - A Quinnipiac University poll indicated only 29% of voters support the bill, with 55% opposed, suggesting potential political repercussions for Republicans in future elections [6]