Group 1 - The "Big and Beautiful" tax and spending bill was signed into law by President Trump on July 4, which has been controversial due to cuts in federal aid, increased long-term debt, and tax reductions for the wealthy and large corporations [1][2] - The bill passed the House of Representatives with a narrow margin of 218 votes in favor and 214 against, with all Democratic members opposing it and two Republican members joining the opposition [1][2] - The core of the bill is to extend the $4.5 trillion tax cut policy enacted during Trump's first term and includes $350 billion in investments for national security and immigration enforcement [2] Group 2 - The bill allocates over $8.6 billion to enhance the U.S. Coast Guard's icebreaker fleet in the Arctic to strengthen U.S. dominance in the region [2] - To offset tax revenue losses, the bill proposes cuts to $1.2 trillion in Medicaid and food stamp programs and significantly eliminates green energy tax credits [2] - According to the Congressional Budget Office, the U.S. debt is projected to increase by approximately $3 trillion over the next decade, resulting in 11.8 million people losing health insurance [2]

Core Points - The U.S. House of Representatives passed the "Big and Beautiful" bill aimed at extending tax cuts and significantly reducing social security programs, which has sparked protests among some American citizens [1][3] - President Trump hailed the bill as a "remarkable victory" and a "declaration of independence from national decline," coinciding with the 250th anniversary of the U.S. [1][3] Legislative Details - The bill, comprising approximately 900 pages, integrates Republican priorities and was passed with a narrow margin of 218 votes in favor and 214 against, with all Democrats opposing it and two Republicans joining them [3][4] - The core of the bill extends Trump's $4.5 trillion tax cut policy and includes $350 billion in investments for national security and immigration, as well as funding for missile defense systems [4] - To offset tax revenue losses, the bill proposes cuts to $1.2 trillion in Medicaid and food stamp programs and eliminates green energy tax credits [4] Political Reactions - Republican leaders described the bill as the most comprehensive conservative reform in modern history, while Democrats criticized it as a "robbery from the poor to give to the rich" [5] - Internal divisions within the Republican Party were highlighted during the voting process, with some members expressing dissatisfaction with parts of the bill [5] - A Quinnipiac University poll indicated only 29% of voters support the bill, with 55% opposed, suggesting potential political repercussions for Republicans in future elections [6]