Core Viewpoint - The "14th Five-Year Plan" period is a milestone for China's technological innovation development, with significant achievements in technology management, infrastructure, and strategic planning [1]. Group 1: Technological Infrastructure Development - During the "14th Five-Year Plan," China has made substantial progress in building major scientific and technological infrastructure, resulting in significant original achievements, such as the discovery of over a thousand pulsars by the "China Sky Eye" [3]. - The construction of major scientific infrastructure has led to advancements in key core technologies, such as the solution to non-destructive testing challenges through the neutron source [3]. - Facilities like nuclear fusion and light sources have supported the growth of the superconducting industry [3]. Group 2: Data and Resource Management - The National Scientific Data Center has enhanced data support for innovation, with a total data volume exceeding 270PB, a fivefold increase from the end of the "13th Five-Year Plan" [4]. - The National Biological Germplasm and Experimental Materials Resource Bank has preserved over 5.5 million plant and animal germplasm resources and more than 600,000 microbial strains, ranking among the top globally [4]. Group 3: Long-term Observation and Research - China has established 167 national field scientific observation stations, providing long-term data to support ecological civilization, major engineering safety, and sustainable regional development [5]. - The Ningxia Shapotou Desert Ecosystem National Field Station has accumulated 70 years of observation data, aiding in desertification control efforts [5]. Group 4: Open Research Instruments and Scientific Expeditions - The government has facilitated the open sharing of 147,000 research instruments valued over 500,000 yuan, promoting accessibility for the broader society [6]. - The implementation of the second Qinghai-Tibet scientific expedition and the third Xinjiang scientific expedition supports ecological and resource protection initiatives [6].

Core Viewpoint - The "14th Five-Year Plan" period is a milestone for China's technological innovation, with significant achievements in the restructuring of the technology management system and the establishment of a new national system for technological advancement [2] Group 1: Technological Infrastructure Development - Significant progress has been made in the construction of major scientific and technological infrastructure, with a focus on national needs and global technological frontiers [4] - The "China Sky Eye" has discovered over 1,000 pulsars, surpassing the total number discovered by other countries, contributing to the exploration of the universe [4] - The construction of facilities like nuclear fusion and light sources has bolstered the development of the superconducting industry [4] Group 2: National Scientific Data Centers - The total data volume of 20 national scientific data centers has exceeded 270PB, a fivefold increase compared to the end of the "13th Five-Year Plan" [5] - The National Microbial Science Data Center has led the development of the first international standard for microbial data, enhancing international influence [5] Group 3: Biological Resources and Material Libraries - The existing 31 national biological resource libraries have steadily increased their resource holdings, preserving over 5.5 million plant and animal genetic resources and more than 600,000 microbial strains [5] - The total collection of microbial resources, crop genetic resources, and livestock genetic resources ranks among the top in the world [5] Group 4: Field Observation Stations - A total of 167 national field observation stations have been established, providing long-term scientific observation data to support ecological civilization construction and major engineering safety [6] - The Ningxia Shapotou Desert Ecosystem National Field Station has accumulated 70 years of observation data, aiding in desertification control efforts [6] - The open sharing of research instruments has been promoted, with 147,000 high-value instruments now managed on a national network platform [6]