桂东南风坳候鸟保护站的护鸟员在山林巡护。 图源：桂东融媒 "十四五"以来，湖南通过微地形改造、水系连通、水生植被恢复等方式，修复湿地2.8万公顷，实施生 态效益补偿8.4万公顷，毛里湖、舂陵成为新的国际重要湿地。来仪湖、鸟儿洲、道水河跻身国家重要 湿地，全省逐步形成层级清晰、布局合理的湿地保护体系。 "候鸟不会说话，但它们会选择。"省林业部门相关负责人说，"数量和种类的持续增长，说明湖南的湿 地正在恢复'吸引力'。" 大寒时节，洞庭湖畔白雪皑皑，成群的天鹅、雁鸭掠过湖面；雪峰山、南岭一线的夜空中，候鸟循着千 年形成的迁飞路径振翅而行。从湿地深处到高山隘口，从"铁脚板"巡护到卫星追踪、AI识别，湖南正用 一张越来越细密的保护网络，迎接这些跨越万里的"老朋友"。 作为东亚—澳大利西亚候鸟迁飞通道的关键节点，湖南候鸟归来的背后，是一场持续多年的生态修复、 执法守护与全民参与的系统工程。 ■文/视频 三湘都市报全媒体记者 曾冠霖 【候鸟增长】 系统性修复 湖南湿地正在恢复"吸引力" 清晨的岳阳东古湖，薄雾尚未散去，湖面上已是热闹非凡。成群的西伯利亚小天鹅低头觅食，偶尔振 翅，清脆的鸣叫在湖畔回荡。"这是它们连续第六年 ...

Core Viewpoint - Hunan province is a significant migratory and wintering area for birds in China, utilizing various technological methods to protect migratory birds and their habitats [1] Group 1: Bird Migration and Habitat - Hengyang, known as "Yan City," serves as a rest stop for migratory birds, highlighting the importance of food sources like fish and shrimp for these birds [3][5] - The Xuanzhou National Wetland Park in Hengshan features a divided river system that historically supported fish migration and breeding [7] Group 2: Environmental Challenges and Solutions - Development in the last century, including the construction of hydropower stations and locks, obstructed fish migration routes, leading to a decline in fish populations [9] - A newly excavated fish migration channel, nearly 1 kilometer long, was initially ineffective in attracting fish, but now facilitates the migration of over 100,000 fish annually [11] Group 3: Technological Innovations - The installation of underwater sound wave devices guides fish to the newly constructed fishway, allowing them to reach spawning grounds [11] - A comprehensive monitoring system, including drones and IoT sensors, has been established to ensure continuous protection of the wetland ecosystem [11] Group 4: Biodiversity Improvement - The number of fish species in the wetland park has increased from 42 to 60, while bird species have risen from 85 to 165, including five species of national first-class protected birds and 28 second-class protected birds [13] - In Yiyang, the Nandongting Lake Provincial Nature Reserve has implemented a smart monitoring platform that integrates remote sensing and video surveillance for real-time inspections of the protected area [15]

Core Viewpoint - The successful rehabilitation and release of a critically injured gull, identified as 3991, highlights the importance of conservation efforts for endangered species, particularly the vulnerable gull population in Tianjin, China [1][2]. Group 1: Rehabilitation and Release - The gull 3991 was discovered on March 13, 2023, with severe injuries to its left wing and foot, and was rescued by a conservation team [1]. - After receiving careful treatment, 3991 was released on April 5, 2023, equipped with a solar-powered satellite tracker to monitor its movements [1]. Group 2: Migration and Breeding - Following its release, 3991 was tracked to a significant breeding area near Kangbao County, Hebei, indicating it may have found a mate [2]. - The Tianjin Planning and Natural Resources Bureau, in collaboration with research teams, has been studying the wintering gull population and migration patterns, fitting 40 gulls with satellite trackers over the past year [2]. Group 3: Conservation Efforts - The application of technology in monitoring gull movements has enhanced conservation efforts, allowing for timely interventions when disturbances occur, such as construction noise affecting the birds [2]. - The population of gulls wintering in Tianjin has stabilized, with over 10,000 individuals recorded annually, and their distribution range has expanded in recent years [2]. Group 4: Future Expectations - The research team is hopeful that 3991 will return in the fall with offspring, reflecting the success of conservation initiatives [3].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the integration of technology in the management and protection of wetland ecosystems in Tianjin, particularly focusing on the use of drones and smart monitoring systems to enhance biodiversity conservation efforts. Group 1: Technological Integration in Wetland Protection - The North Dagu Port Wetland Nature Reserve has implemented drone patrols to monitor hard-to-reach areas, allowing for comprehensive surveillance of wildlife and habitats [1] - The reserve has constructed 22 artificial nests for the endangered Oriental White Stork, equipped with monitoring devices to study their breeding activities [1] - A biodiversity monitoring system has been established, utilizing 80 high-definition cameras, 4 bird species recognition cameras, and 15 infrared cameras to collect and analyze ecological data [2] Group 2: Enhanced Monitoring and Data Analysis - The Tianjin wetlands serve as a crucial stopover for migratory birds, with various reserves leveraging technology to create a smart ecological protection network [4] - The Qilihai Wetland Nature Reserve employs drones for regular inspections, which not only respond to emergencies but also gather data on species distribution and vegetation conditions [4] - The integration of augmented reality (AR) and drone technology has improved the efficiency and accuracy of wildlife monitoring and management [5] Group 3: Collaborative Research and Future Plans - The Qilihai Wetland collaborates with research institutions to utilize bird recognition and sound monitoring technologies for studying migratory patterns and health of bird populations [7] - The upcoming migratory season will see adjustments in water levels based on drone data to facilitate feeding for various bird species [7] - The Tianjin planning and natural resources department aims to enhance the integrated monitoring system to ensure the safety and stability of migratory bird habitats [7]

Core Viewpoint - The integration of advanced technology, such as drones and AI systems, significantly enhances the monitoring and protection of migratory birds in various natural reserves across China, leading to more efficient and precise conservation efforts [6][9][11]. Group 1: Technological Advancements in Bird Conservation - The Tianjin Qilihai Wetland has implemented a comprehensive drone system that autonomously patrols the area, ensuring 24/7 coverage and reducing human intervention [6][7]. - In Hunan's Yongzhou, a network of drones, video surveillance, and AI monitoring systems has been established to protect migratory routes, showcasing a shift from traditional methods to high-tech solutions [9][10]. - The use of sound recognition technology, such as voiceprint collectors, allows for continuous and accurate monitoring of bird populations, with over 320,000 valuable bird sound data collected since the launch of the monitoring platform [11][12]. Group 2: Impact on Conservation Efficiency - The deployment of drones in the Qilihai Wetland allows for efficient coverage of 149.28 square kilometers, completing patrols in approximately 20 minutes [6][7]. - The integration of AI algorithms with surveillance systems in Yongzhou enables real-time monitoring and alerts for any illegal activities, enhancing the overall efficiency of bird protection efforts [10]. - The AI recognition system developed by Lanzhou University has achieved an accuracy rate exceeding 85% in identifying bird species from audio data, demonstrating the effectiveness of technology in wildlife research [12][13].