此前多轮中美会谈中，美国的诉求始终绕不开"放宽稀土管制"，从官方表态到舆论放话，反复试图撬动 中国的稀土出口政策。但现实恰恰相反：如果说以往的稀土出口管控是"试水预警"，此次商务部发布的 公告，才是真正的"全面反制"。 公告开宗明义，为维护国家安全和利益，决定对稀土相关技术等物项实施严格出口管制，这份文件的出 台，标志着中国稀土管控从"物项限制"迈入"技术封锁"的新阶段。 与以往政策相比，此次管制的核心升级，在于其覆盖范围的全面性和精准度。公告首次明确，即便 是"使用中国稀土技术在境外生产的物项"，也必须获得出口许可，这意味着中国稀土技术的"衍生成 果"也被纳入管控。 管制链条贯穿开采、冶炼、分离到磁材料制造的全产业链，连设计图纸、工艺参数、方针数据等"隐性 技术资料"都未遗漏，更新增生产线维护升级等配套技术管控，彻底堵死了技术转移的灰色漏洞。 美国再喊"休战"也没用了！当中国稀土技术出口管制的公告正式落地，这张藏锋已久的王牌终于亮出， 直接掐住了西方高科技产业的"命门"。 近期美国特朗普政府明显放缓对华贸易战节奏，从经贸磋商到技术领域对话，中美互动频次显著提升， 美方频频释放缓和信号。但在稀土技术管控这个核 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Ministry of Commerce has implemented strict export controls on rare earth technologies, effectively disrupting the hopes of the U.S. and its allies for independent rare earth supply chains [1][6]. Summary by Sections Export Control Measures - The new regulations prohibit the export of certain items without permission, focusing on key technologies and processes throughout the entire rare earth industry chain, including extraction, smelting, and recycling technologies [3]. - The regulations apply to all exporters involved in rare earth technologies, including Chinese citizens and organizations operating within China [3]. - Exporters must obtain permission from authorities before exporting, with specific compliance requirements outlined [3]. Historical Context - The export control measures are part of a long-term strategy that began over a decade ago, evolving gradually as market conditions and technological capabilities matured [5]. - The tightening of controls is a response to increased smuggling cases and efforts by the U.S. and allies to establish independent rare earth supply chains [5]. Humanitarian Exemption - Although there is a humanitarian exemption, its application is strictly regulated to prevent misuse, requiring confirmation from Chinese authorities for specific uses [6][8]. - Exporters must submit a "usage commitment" before exporting, and any false declarations will lead to severe penalties, including fines and potential criminal charges [8]. Strategic Impact - The export controls are designed to effectively block unauthorized technology outflows, creating significant obstacles for the U.S. and its allies in their attempts to build independent rare earth supply chains [9]. - Without access to critical technologies, these countries face increased challenges in developing complete industrial capabilities in the rare earth sector [9].

Core Viewpoint - The Ministry of Commerce has officially announced export controls on rare earth-related technologies, which now include not only mining, smelting, and magnetic material manufacturing but also assembly, debugging, and maintenance of production lines. Additionally, any overseas rare earth products containing Chinese materials or technologies, with a Chinese component exceeding 0.1%, will require a license for export, reflecting China's strategic approach to technology protection [1][5]. Group 1 - Rare earths are referred to as industrial vitamins, essential for various high-tech industries, with China being a major player in both reserves and processing technology, accounting for over 80% of separation and purification technology and 90% of high-performance magnetic material production [3]. - There have been instances of foreign organizations illegally acquiring rare earth technologies from China, establishing production facilities abroad, and selling products to military or sensitive sectors. The new regulations aim to close loopholes and provide a dual layer of protection for rare earth technologies [5][6]. - The transition from merely selling rare earth minerals to regulating rare earth technologies is significant, emphasizing that China's rare earth resources are not just raw materials but also encompass advanced technologies and rules governing the industry [8]. Group 2 - The clarified regulations are expected to enhance compliance in international cooperation, as China, being a core node in the global rare earth supply chain, aims to secure technology safety without isolating itself from global markets [9].

Core Insights - China has escalated its rare earth control strategy to a "technical stranglehold" mode, restricting not only the sale of rare earths but also the technology and equipment for mining, refining, and recycling [2][5] - The global rare earth landscape has shifted, with China now holding less than 40% of global reserves, while the U.S. has significant mining capabilities and can source from allies like Canada and Australia [2][3] - The U.S. struggles to convert raw materials into high-tech products due to a lack of necessary technology and expertise, with 90% of refining capacity and 70% of patents concentrated in China [2][3] Industry Impact - The new regulations significantly impact U.S. military operations, as 77% of critical minerals for the military rely on China, with the Navy exceeding 90% [3] - The U.S. has invested $10 billion to develop its own supply chain, but establishing factories will take years, and environmental protests pose additional challenges [3][5] - China's control over the entire technology chain for rare earths, from mining to recycling, has been in place since 2001, with recent expansions in October to include all core technologies [5][9] Global Reactions - The global industry is reacting with urgency, as Germany and Canada are forming partnerships for mineral cooperation, while Japan is actively seeking new sources of rare earths [7] - Companies in Europe and the U.S. are accelerating research into alternative technologies to reduce dependence on Chinese rare earths, but experts believe it will take at least a decade to achieve significant progress [7][9] Technological Advantage - China possesses advanced technologies that reduce rare earth processing costs by 30% and employs green smelting processes, enhancing its competitive edge [9] - Major automotive companies like Ford and General Motors have received temporary export licenses, indicating a potential for collaboration amidst the restrictions [9]

一纸通告，全球震动！ 这还不算完。就连稀土二次资源的回收利用这种循环经济的尖端技术，也被纳入其中。更绝的是，连带着相关生产线的装配、调试、维修这类配套的服务性 知识，都明确写进了管制清单。 这就形成了一个完整的技术闭环。其目的显而易见，不是为了惩罚谁，而是为了系统性地保护整个技术生态，不给对手任何一个环节的突破口。 而且，这份蓝图还预判并封堵了所有技术外溢的潜在路径。公告里有一条规定特别值得玩味：即便你出口的是非管制项，但只要知晓其最终将被用于境外的 稀土相关活动，那么对不起，一样需要申请许可。 这种基于"最终用途"的审查逻辑，显示出一种高度的警惕性和前瞻性。它关心的不只是直接的技术出口，更是那些可能发生的、隐蔽的知识流失。 不留死角的全景封锁 这份编号为"2025年第62号"的公告，其设计的周密程度，远超外界想象。它构建的不是一道墙，而是一个覆盖全产业链的立体防火墙系统。 你看它的管制范围，从最前端的稀土矿开采技术，到中间的冶炼与分离技术，再到后端高附加值的稀土金属、合金材料生产，甚至是像钐钴、钕铁硼这类高 性能磁性材料的制造技术，一个都不少。 美国政府停摆已经超过一周了！数小时前，美国财政部给全国国税局员 ...

Core Points - The Ministry of Commerce announced export controls on rare earth-related technologies to safeguard national security and interests [1][5] - Exporters must obtain permission for exporting specific rare earth technologies and related items [1][2] Group 1: Export Control Regulations - The announcement specifies that technologies related to rare earth mining, separation, metallurgy, magnetic material manufacturing, and recycling of rare earth secondary resources require export licenses [1][2] - Exporters are defined as Chinese citizens, legal entities, and organizations within China, and the term "export" encompasses various forms of transfer, including trade and intellectual property licensing [2][3] Group 2: Compliance and Reporting - Exporters must apply for export licenses and provide necessary documentation, including explanations of the controlled technology being transferred [3][4] - There is an emphasis on compliance awareness, with exporters required to understand the characteristics and intended uses of their goods and technologies [3][4] Group 3: Prohibitions and Penalties - Individuals and organizations are prohibited from providing substantial assistance for overseas rare earth activities without permission, with violations subject to penalties under relevant laws [4][5] - The announcement will take effect immediately, and the list of controlled items will be updated accordingly [5]