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“空”中取氨,打开清洁能源新世界(创新汇)
Ren Min Ri Bao· 2025-08-24 22:03
Core Viewpoint - A research team from the University of Tokyo has developed a new method for synthesizing ammonia from nitrogen and water at ambient temperature and pressure, potentially revolutionizing the ammonia production process and contributing to a "nitrogen cycle society" [1][2]. Group 1: Traditional Ammonia Production Challenges - Traditional ammonia synthesis relies on the Haber process, which requires high temperature and pressure, leading to high energy consumption and carbon emissions [1]. - The current method is heavily dependent on fossil fuels for hydrogen extraction, primarily from coal and natural gas [1]. Group 2: New Ammonia Synthesis Method - The Tokyo University team previously created a thermal-driven system that bypasses hydrogen as an intermediate, achieving ammonia synthesis with a nearly 100-fold increase in efficiency compared to traditional methods [2]. - The new light-driven ammonia synthesis system utilizes an iridium-based compound to harness solar energy, allowing for ammonia production under mild conditions without CO2 emissions [2]. Group 3: Future Prospects and Challenges - The research team aims to develop an artificial nitrogenase to enhance ammonia synthesis efficiency and achieve scalability [3]. - Current challenges include improving reaction efficiency, optimizing material selection, and ensuring system durability and recyclability [3][4]. - Ammonia is viewed as a more suitable energy carrier than hydrogen due to its easier storage and transportation, making it a crucial component in the future hydrogen economy [4].
世界经济论坛发布2025年十大新兴技术
Ke Ji Ri Bao· 2025-06-26 23:36
Group 1: Emerging Technologies - The World Economic Forum released the "Top 10 Emerging Technologies Report" for 2025, highlighting technologies that could address global challenges in the next 3 to 5 years [1] - Structural battery composite materials are set to revolutionize the transportation sector by combining mechanical load-bearing capabilities with electrochemical energy storage, potentially transforming electric vehicles and aircraft [1] - Salinity gradient power generation technology utilizes the difference in salinity between two water sources to generate electricity, marking a significant breakthrough in clean energy [2] - Innovations in nuclear energy, including small modular reactors, are driving a new wave of development aimed at reducing costs and optimizing designs, with the ultimate goal of achieving controlled nuclear fusion [3] Group 2: Healthcare Innovations - Scientists are transforming probiotics into micro "pharmaceutical factories," which could lead to more economical and sustainable disease treatment options, reducing production costs by 70% [4] - GLP-1 receptor agonists, initially developed for type 2 diabetes and obesity, show promising potential in treating neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's by reducing brain inflammation and clearing harmful proteins [5] - Smart biochemical sensors are capable of real-time monitoring of specific biochemical indicators, expanding their applications from diabetes management to food safety [6] Group 3: Agricultural and Environmental Technologies - New nitrogen fixation technologies are being developed to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions associated with traditional nitrogen fixation processes, which currently consume 2% of global energy [7][8] - Nanozymes, synthetic materials mimicking natural enzymes, offer advantages such as stability and cost-effectiveness, with applications in water purification and cancer research [8] - Collaborative sensing technologies are reshaping urban management by enabling interconnected devices to optimize traffic flow and environmental monitoring [8] Group 4: Digital Security Technologies - Generative watermarking technology embeds invisible markers in AI-generated content to help distinguish authenticity, although challenges such as user manipulation and ethical dilemmas remain [9]