空气和水，再平常不过。但在科学家的巧思下，它们有望成为打开清洁能源世界的一把新钥匙。近日， 日本东京大学工学院研究团队研发出一种在常温常压条件下，利用氮气（空气中含量最多的气体）和水 合成为氨的新方法。未来，这一成果如得到广泛运用，不仅有助于打破制氨传统工艺对高温高压及化石 能源的依赖，也为构建一个"氮循环社会"提供了可能。 作为一种基础化工原料，氨的身影遍布现代工业与农业，从化肥生产到药品制造、从冷却剂到金属加 工，均离不开它的参与。氨不仅与氢气一样在燃烧过程中不产生二氧化碳，还在存储和运输上具有更高 的稳定性和经济性，因此被认为有望成为推动能源转型的重要载体。不过，目前合成氨主要仍使用20世 纪初德国化学家哈伯发明的"循环法"，即通过加入催化剂使氢气和氮气在高温高压下合成氨。这一传统 工艺存在高能耗、高碳排放等问题，并且高度依赖从煤和天然气等化石资源中提取氢气。 为应对传统合成氨工艺面临的瓶颈，东京大学研究团队此前开发出一套热能驱动体系，跳过了氢气这 个"中间站"，通过选用在有机化学中常见的碘化钐作为还原剂，只需将氮气、水与碘化钐、钼催化剂混 合，即可在温和条件下完成氨的合成。相比传统高能耗方法，新工艺效 ...

Group 1: Emerging Technologies - The World Economic Forum released the "Top 10 Emerging Technologies Report" for 2025, highlighting technologies that could address global challenges in the next 3 to 5 years [1] - Structural battery composite materials are set to revolutionize the transportation sector by combining mechanical load-bearing capabilities with electrochemical energy storage, potentially transforming electric vehicles and aircraft [1] - Salinity gradient power generation technology utilizes the difference in salinity between two water sources to generate electricity, marking a significant breakthrough in clean energy [2] - Innovations in nuclear energy, including small modular reactors, are driving a new wave of development aimed at reducing costs and optimizing designs, with the ultimate goal of achieving controlled nuclear fusion [3] Group 2: Healthcare Innovations - Scientists are transforming probiotics into micro "pharmaceutical factories," which could lead to more economical and sustainable disease treatment options, reducing production costs by 70% [4] - GLP-1 receptor agonists, initially developed for type 2 diabetes and obesity, show promising potential in treating neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's by reducing brain inflammation and clearing harmful proteins [5] - Smart biochemical sensors are capable of real-time monitoring of specific biochemical indicators, expanding their applications from diabetes management to food safety [6] Group 3: Agricultural and Environmental Technologies - New nitrogen fixation technologies are being developed to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions associated with traditional nitrogen fixation processes, which currently consume 2% of global energy [7][8] - Nanozymes, synthetic materials mimicking natural enzymes, offer advantages such as stability and cost-effectiveness, with applications in water purification and cancer research [8] - Collaborative sensing technologies are reshaping urban management by enabling interconnected devices to optimize traffic flow and environmental monitoring [8] Group 4: Digital Security Technologies - Generative watermarking technology embeds invisible markers in AI-generated content to help distinguish authenticity, although challenges such as user manipulation and ethical dilemmas remain [9]