Core Viewpoint - The article highlights a recent incident in Yunnan where a 78-year-old man was bitten by a highly venomous king cobra, emphasizing the critical nature of timely medical intervention and the complexities involved in treating snake bites [1][3][4]. Medical Response - The patient was admitted to a specialized snake bite treatment center, where medical staff quickly identified the snake species as a king cobra, known for its high mortality rate in bite cases [3][4]. - The medical team performed emergency procedures, including intubation and the administration of antivenom, which required a significant amount due to the severity of the bite [6][8]. Antivenom and Treatment Protocol - The hospital had to source additional antivenom from various centers in Yunnan, as the quantity needed for king cobra bites is substantial [6][8]. - Medical professionals emphasized that while bringing the snake to the hospital can aid in identification, it is not a necessary step for effective treatment [9]. Public Awareness and Education - Experts warned against the common misconception that capturing or bringing the snake to the hospital is essential, highlighting the risks involved in such actions [9][10]. - Proper first aid measures were outlined, including staying calm, avoiding the use of mouth suction, and not applying tourniquets, which are ineffective in slowing venom spread [10].

Core Viewpoint - The recent death of a young female tourist in Sanya due to a suspected snake bite has raised concerns about the availability and adequacy of antivenom supply in hospitals, particularly in regions with high incidences of snake bites [1][2][4]. Antivenom Production and Availability - Currently, there is only one company, Sairun Biotech, that produces antivenom in China, with only four types available: for pit vipers, cobras, five-step snakes, and banded krait [6][7]. - In 2024, Sairun Biotech reported a revenue of 158 million yuan from antivenom sales, a slight increase of 1.17% year-on-year, with a production volume of 172,900 vials, up 46.68% from the previous year [7]. Treatment Protocols and Challenges - The treatment of snake bites is highly dependent on the experience of medical professionals, emphasizing the need for timely administration of antivenom based on clinical symptoms rather than waiting for definitive identification of the snake species [3][4]. - The guidelines recommend early and adequate use of antivenom, which is crucial for improving patient outcomes [5][4]. Regional Variations in Antivenom Storage - Hospitals in regions with high snake bite incidents, such as Xiangtan, Guangzhou, and Lishui, maintain stocks of the four types of antivenom based on local snake species prevalence [8][9]. - Some hospitals may not stock antivenom due to high costs, short shelf life, and the financial burden of expired products [10][9]. Public Health Implications - Snake bites are a significant public health issue in China, with an estimated 250,000 to 280,000 cases annually, predominantly affecting individuals over 50 years old [4]. - The lack of awareness and access to proper treatment can lead to severe complications and fatalities, highlighting the need for better public health education and resources [13][12]. Future Developments - There is potential for market growth in antivenom production, as current offerings do not cover all snake species, and additional companies are exploring the development of new antivenoms [13][15]. - Sairun Biotech is currently conducting clinical research on antivenom for viper bites, which could expand treatment options in the future [15][16].

Core Points - A tourist's death due to an unknown animal bite has sparked widespread public discussion [1] - The family is demanding video footage and has communicated with the involved parties [2] - The Hainan Provincial Health Commission has intervened in the investigation [3] Group 1: Medical Response and Treatment - Experts indicate that if the bite was from a venomous snake, it is a treatable condition with existing antivenom [5] - Timely medical intervention is crucial; delays can lead to irreversible damage [5][35] - The first hospital did not have antivenom readily available, raising concerns about emergency preparedness [14][19] Group 2: Diagnosis Challenges - Diagnosing snake bites is complex and relies on various factors including the type of snake and symptoms presented [8][9] - Symptoms of different snake venoms vary significantly, complicating diagnosis [9] - The initial diagnosis at the first hospital was inconclusive, leading to a transfer to a second facility [7] Group 3: Antivenom Availability and Guidelines - There are only four main types of antivenom available, and not all hospitals stock them due to low incidence rates of snake bites [15][19] - The World Health Organization recommends that antivenom should be part of treatment protocols in primary healthcare settings [14] - A unified network for snake bite treatment is suggested to improve response times and outcomes [25] Group 4: Public Awareness and Education - Public awareness campaigns are encouraged to help individuals identify snakes and seek timely medical help [33][34] - The importance of rapid treatment within the first few hours post-bite is emphasized to improve survival rates [36]