长期失业正在成为全球多地劳动力市场面临的主要挑战。据美国劳工统计局近期发布的数据显示，美国长期失业 人数已达到新冠疫情初期以来的最高水平。值得注意的是，在长期失业人口中，大学毕业生占比近三分之一，而 十年前这一比例仅为五分之一，且其中还有不少不仅受过高等教育，同时还拥有丰富工作经验的劳动者。 这一现实多少冲击着惯常的理解。长期以来人们对失业的主流看法是，这与缺乏足够的教育或技能有关。人们曾 经深信，只要一直做"对"的事——努力学习、考上好大学、找一份好工作，职业生涯就不会突然崩塌。但现实情 况是，这一允诺正在失去或至少不如从前那么有解释力。 美国失业问题专家奥弗·沙龙（Ofer Sharone）发现，对许多人而言，教育的确仍然是一个问题，且不同教育水平 的劳动者失业率差异很大。但是一旦失业，受过高等教育的劳动者陷入长期失业陷阱的可能性实际上与受教育程 度较低的人一样高。也就是说，一个人一旦失业，陷入长期失业的可能性 ，在不同教育水平之间并没有太大差 异。更加悲哀的是，实际就业市场上，那些经验丰富的劳动者甚至更容易被困在长期失业中。 电影《上班一条虫》（Office Space，1999）剧照。 当这一切不再能 ...

Core Points - The U.S. labor market remains stable with a non-farm employment increase of 147,000 in June, maintaining an unemployment rate of 4.1% [1][4] - Job growth is concentrated in state government and healthcare sectors, with state government adding 47,000 jobs and healthcare contributing 39,000 jobs [2] - Wage growth is moderate, with average hourly earnings rising by 0.2% to $36.30, while average weekly hours worked slightly decreased [3] Employment Trends - The state government sector saw significant job additions, particularly in education, which accounted for 40,000 of the new jobs [2] - The federal government continues to reduce its workforce, with a loss of 7,000 jobs in June and a total of 69,000 jobs cut since January [2] - Long-term unemployment is a growing concern, with 1.6 million individuals unemployed for 27 weeks or more, representing 23.3% of the total unemployed [4] Labor Market Dynamics - The labor force participation rate remains unchanged at 62.3%, with approximately 6 million individuals willing to work but not actively participating in the labor market [6] - The number of marginally attached workers has increased to 1.8 million, indicating a rise in individuals who are discouraged about job prospects [6] - Revisions to previous employment data show an upward adjustment, with April and May's non-farm employment figures increased by a total of 16,000 jobs [7]