Core Viewpoint - Lack of physical activity poses a significant threat to public health, increasing the incidence and mortality rates of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) globally. Exercise is recognized as the most effective and cost-efficient intervention to promote overall health and reduce the burden of NCDs. However, recent estimates indicate that 1.4 billion adults (27.5% of the global adult population) fail to meet recommended physical activity levels, with a concerning 81% of children and adolescents aged 11-17 also not meeting these levels [3][4]. Group 1 - Early-life exercise has been shown to extend healthspan but not lifespan in mice, with significant long-term health benefits observed from just three months of exercise during early life [4][6]. - The study highlights that early physical activity correlates positively with enhanced aerobic fitness, increased bone mineral density (BMD), and reduced risks of obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and heart disease in adulthood [6][7]. - The research indicates that early-life exercise leads to improved overall health in aging mice, enhancing metabolic function, cardiovascular health, and muscle strength while reducing inflammation and frailty [7][9]. Group 2 - The findings emphasize the importance of early-life physical activity interventions to optimize long-term health outcomes, suggesting that enhanced fatty acid metabolism in skeletal muscle may be a key mechanism behind these health benefits [9][10]. - Future research is necessary to explore the mechanisms by which early-life exercise impacts long-term health and to apply these findings to human populations [9].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the growing global challenge of obesity and its significant health implications, highlighting the urgent need for effective weight management strategies in response to the "Healthy China 2030" initiative [5]. Global Overweight and Obesity Status - By 2030, over 2.9 billion adults worldwide are projected to have a high BMI, with 1.1 billion classified as obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²), including 487 million men and 643 million women [7]. - In China, the proportion of adults with high BMI (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²) has been steadily increasing, expected to reach 41% by 2025, with an obesity prevalence of 9%. The estimated number of adults with high BMI in China by 2030 is projected to be 515 million [7]. Non-Communicable Diseases and High BMI - In 2021, over 17 million people under 70 died from non-communicable diseases, with 11 million of these deaths attributable to avoidable risk factors, where high BMI accounted for 15% of these preventable early deaths [9]. - The report highlights four major categories of non-communicable diseases linked to high BMI: diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases, with high BMI significantly increasing the risk of these conditions [9]. Effective Control of Overweight/Obesity - The World Health Organization stresses that regular physical activity is crucial for preventing and controlling obesity, as well as reducing the risk of various diseases, including hypertension, multiple cancers, osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes, stroke, and heart disease [10]. - Despite the benefits, approximately one-third of adults and 81% of adolescents globally do not meet recommended physical activity levels, with sedentary behavior becoming increasingly common due to lifestyle changes [10]. - Unhealthy dietary factors, such as high sodium intake, insufficient whole grain consumption, excessive processed meat and sugary drink intake, and inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption, are closely linked to the risk of non-communicable diseases and premature death [10].