Core Viewpoint - The 2025 Ecological Civilization Guiyang International Forum focuses on marine protected area construction and high seas ecological protection, emphasizing the need for global cooperation in marine conservation efforts [1][2]. Group 1: Marine Biodiversity and Protection - The Southern Ocean is home to over 17,000 known marine species and covers approximately 10% of the world's ocean area, highlighting its ecological significance [1]. - Effective protection of at least 30% of the global ocean is necessary to maintain a resilient and biodiverse marine environment, as stated by Laure Sierra Katz, co-chair of the Blue Nature Alliance [1]. - The "Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework" established a target to protect at least 30% of global land and ocean by 2030, which China promoted during the 15th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity [1]. Group 2: Local and Global Efforts in Marine Conservation - Guizhou province, despite being inland, recognizes the importance of marine ecological protection as a global issue and has been actively involved in ecological restoration projects [2]. - The forum aims to provide new insights for the construction of marine protected areas and high seas ecological protection, with participation from numerous experts and scholars [2]. - The roundtable discussion featured 11 experts who shared their recommendations on high seas protected area construction, addressing issues such as climate change and species diversity [2].

Core Viewpoint - The upcoming United Nations Ocean Conference aims to accelerate actions and mobilize all stakeholders to protect and sustainably use the oceans, focusing on marine biodiversity, fisheries subsidies, and the "30 by 30" target [1] Group 1: Marine Biodiversity Protection - The conference will address the goal of obtaining 60 ratifications for the "Agreement on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction," which is crucial for its effectiveness [2] - As of June 5, only 32 countries or regions have ratified the agreement, indicating significant work remains to reach the target [2] - French President Macron emphasized the need for sustainable management of the high seas and the establishment of marine protected areas [2] Group 2: Fisheries Subsidies - The conference will push for the implementation of the "Fisheries Subsidies Agreement," which aims to curb harmful fishing subsidies and establish binding multilateral rules [3] - The agreement prohibits illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing, as well as subsidies for overfished species and fishing in unregulated high seas [3] - Currently, 101 out of the required 111 World Trade Organization members have accepted the agreement, with China being one of the early signatories [3] Group 3: "30 by 30" Target - The "30 by 30" target aims to protect at least 30% of global land and ocean by 2030, but only 2.8% of the ocean is currently assessed as potentially effectively protected [4] - Analysts suggest that financial tools like blue bonds and blue loans will be crucial to bridge the funding gap needed to achieve this target [4] Group 4: Conference Outcomes - The conference will aim to adopt a concise, action-oriented declaration known as the "Nice Ocean Action Plan," which will include voluntary commitments [5] - The success of the conference in achieving consensus and translating it into actionable steps will significantly impact future global ocean protection and sustainable use efforts [5]