4 4 蚊虫累（南非焯荣或累） 本报讯（记者陈蕾）从餐桌上鲜美的扇贝，到沙滩上多彩的贝壳，贝类在自然生态系统中扮演着重要的角色。昨日，广西自然博物馆跨年新展"'贝'感神奇 ——探秘海洋贝类世界"吸引了许多孩子走进神秘的贝类王国，探索一枚枚贝壳中蕴藏的自然史诗。 展览中最吸睛的主角，无疑是丰富多彩的贝类标本。体型巨大，寿命可长达百年的"贝王"砗磲；外壳浑厚饱满，酷似唐代冠冕的唐冠螺；历经数亿年演化， 被誉为"海洋活化石"的古老物种鹦鹉螺……它们形态各异、色彩斑斓，生动诠释着"海洋建筑师"与"海洋调色盘"的非凡魅力，展览让观众得以近距离领略这 份绚丽与神奇。 展览还深入挖掘了贝类演化与人类文明交织的悠久历史。从汉字中大量与"贝"相关的字词所蕴含的文化内涵，到贝类在饮食、医药、建筑、音乐及装饰艺术 中的广泛应用，一段段深厚的人文历史在此徐徐展开，生动呈现了贝类与人类之间绵长而紧密的联系。 其中，独具地域特色的"南珠"文化成为展览的一大叙事亮点。展览以广西北海合浦珍珠为核心，系统讲述了合浦跨越千年的采珠历史、"合浦珠还"的经典典 故，以及南珠在古代海上丝绸之路中的重要角色，勾勒出一幅融合地方记忆与文化传承的生动图景。 ...

近日，自然资源部第一海洋研究所（以下简称海洋一所）科研人员赴印度尼西亚，联合苏迪曼将军 大学开展深海栖息地保护社区服务与教育提升系列活动。 11月18日，双方在印尼中爪哇省芝拉扎市的社区渔业码头管理局举办了交流研讨会，围绕渔业生产 对深海栖息地潜在影响，与当地渔民进行了沟通。印尼社区渔业管理部门代表及苏迪曼将军大学专家分 享了印尼海洋渔业发展现状、噪声污染对深海栖息地影响等见解。会后，海洋一所科研人员到渔港实地 考察，调研当地渔民生产生活的用海情况，并通过科普宣传，增强了社区居民的深海保护意识。 11月19日~20日，海洋一所在苏迪曼将军大学举办了深海栖息地保护专项教育讲座。讲座结合国内 外深海科研数据与研究成果，详细讲解了深海生物种群的分布区域、物种特异性丰富度、生态功能及种 群类型等方面的知识。参会师生就深海栖息地先进调查技术、国际公海保护形势等话题进行了探讨。 此次系列活动是双方继红树林保护与修复系列活动后的再度携手，标志着双方合作由近岸生态延伸 至深海保护，为未来在多领域长期合作提供了重要参考，同时也为海洋生物多样性保护和中国印尼海洋 合作带来了新的活力。 ...

Core Insights - The APEC workshop on marine biodiversity protection and sustainable community development was held in Shenzhen from October 28 to 30, 2023, under the guidance of the Ministry of Natural Resources of China [2] - The workshop is part of an APEC international fund project led by China, with support from Chile, Hong Kong, and Peru, focusing on sharing experiences in marine resource management and ecological protection [2] - The event featured discussions on four main themes: macro strategies and policy guidance, innovation and technology empowerment, integrated practices and collaborative management, and multi-stakeholder governance and community empowerment [2] Summary by Sections - **Workshop Objectives**: The workshop aimed to promote marine biodiversity protection and sustainable community development through various activities, including baseline research, case studies, and international exchanges [2] - **Publication of Guidelines**: The "APEC Community-Based Marine Biodiversity Protection Technical Guidelines" was released, offering practical recommendations on community-led governance, cross-regional collaboration, and evidence-based monitoring mechanisms [3] - **Participation and Impact**: Approximately 100 participants from nine member economies, including China, Indonesia, Thailand, and Russia, as well as representatives from Panama, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, attended the workshop, highlighting APEC's role in fostering marine ecological civilization in the Asia-Pacific region [3]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the importance of horseshoe crab conservation, emphasizing ongoing research and monitoring efforts in the Beibu Gulf to protect this ancient marine species, which is crucial for marine biodiversity [4][5]. Group 1: Research and Monitoring Efforts - The Fourth Institute of Oceanography has been conducting surveys of horseshoe crab resources in the Beibu Gulf, providing essential scientific support for the conservation of this valuable species [4]. - A long-term monitoring network has been established in key habitats such as Shatian and Zhulin, allowing researchers to accurately track population dynamics, distribution patterns, and habitat changes [4]. - This year's survey has successfully completed field monitoring of three important horseshoe crab habitats, focusing on both population and environmental quality assessments [4]. Group 2: Data Collection and Analysis - The research team collected sediment and water samples from habitats to analyze environmental factors affecting horseshoe crab survival and reproduction, which will inform habitat protection and restoration efforts [4]. - In the previous year's monitoring, a notable density of horseshoe crabs was recorded in the Shatian area, reaching 46.88 individuals per 100 square meters, indicating a relatively healthy habitat and the potential success of long-term conservation efforts [5]. Group 3: Regional and Global Collaboration - The Fourth Institute of Oceanography joined the Asia-Pacific Horseshoe Crab Observation Network in 2021, promoting standardized monitoring methods and international sharing of conservation experiences and research results [5].

Core Insights - The Mediterranean region is facing a significant environmental crisis, highlighted by the discovery of 167 pieces of waste, primarily plastic, in the Calypso Deep, indicating a broader global ocean health crisis [1] - The third United Nations Ocean Conference held in Nice, France, gathered over 15,000 representatives from more than 170 countries, resulting in the release of the "Nice Ocean Action Plan" aimed at urgent global cooperation for ocean protection [1][4] Ocean Health Status - The "Starfish Barometer," the first annual global ocean health assessment report, warns of alarming changes: global sea levels have risen approximately 23 centimeters since 1901, with projections for 2024 to reach new highs [2] - Ocean heat content is at its highest since 1960, with sea surface temperatures rising by 0.25 degrees Celsius, exacerbating extreme weather and accelerating ocean acidification [2] - Human activities are linked to these changes, with global fossil fuel CO2 emissions projected to reach 3.74 billion tons in 2024, and over one-third of fishery resources are overfished, increasing by about 1% annually [2] Conference Outcomes - The "Nice Ocean Action Plan" consists of a political declaration and voluntary commitments from countries, calling for specific measures to protect oceans, including expanding marine protected areas and addressing marine pollution [6] - The conference also advanced the process of protecting marine biodiversity, with 19 countries approving a UN agreement aimed at enhancing the conservation of marine biodiversity in international waters [6] China's Participation - China's extensive participation in the conference was recognized, showcasing a multi-sectoral approach to global ocean governance, including sustainable fishing practices and the development of marine ranching [8] - The introduction of the COAST toolkit, developed by Chinese research institutions, aims to provide systematic solutions for coastal cities facing climate change challenges, emphasizing data sharing and international collaboration [9][10] Global Research Initiatives - Several global ocean research initiatives were launched, including the "Neptune Mission" for deep-sea exploration and the establishment of the "Space4Ocean Alliance" to integrate space technology with ocean monitoring [9] - Chinese research institutions played a significant role in these initiatives, contributing to global data sharing and capacity building in ocean governance [9]

Core Viewpoint - The third United Nations Ocean Conference held in Nice, France, from June 9 to 13, proposed the "Nice Ocean Action Plan" to address global ocean governance issues, particularly focusing on marine biodiversity protection [1][2]. Group 1: Ocean Governance and Biodiversity - The conference addressed critical issues such as overfishing, climate change impacts, and unsustainable resource management [1]. - The "Nice Ocean Action Plan" consists of a political declaration calling for specific actions, including expanding marine protected areas, decarbonizing the shipping industry, addressing ocean pollution, and funding for vulnerable coastal and island regions [1]. - As of June 13, 136 countries, regions, and organizations signed the agreement on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction, with 50 already ratifying it, nearing the target of 60 [2]. Group 2: Climate Change and International Cooperation - Ocean governance is deemed crucial for global climate governance, with the ocean carbon sink being 20 times larger than terrestrial carbon sinks and 50 times larger than atmospheric carbon [3]. - The conference highlighted the importance of multilateralism in addressing global challenges such as climate change and rising sea levels, with China being recognized for its contributions to ocean governance [3]. - Participants emphasized the need for international cooperation in protecting the planet, with calls for all nations to collaborate rather than act unilaterally [3].

Core Viewpoint - The upcoming United Nations Ocean Conference aims to accelerate actions and mobilize all stakeholders to protect and sustainably use the oceans, focusing on marine biodiversity, fisheries subsidies, and the "30 by 30" target [1] Group 1: Marine Biodiversity Protection - The conference will address the goal of obtaining 60 ratifications for the "Agreement on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction," which is crucial for its effectiveness [2] - As of June 5, only 32 countries or regions have ratified the agreement, indicating significant work remains to reach the target [2] - French President Macron emphasized the need for sustainable management of the high seas and the establishment of marine protected areas [2] Group 2: Fisheries Subsidies - The conference will push for the implementation of the "Fisheries Subsidies Agreement," which aims to curb harmful fishing subsidies and establish binding multilateral rules [3] - The agreement prohibits illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing, as well as subsidies for overfished species and fishing in unregulated high seas [3] - Currently, 101 out of the required 111 World Trade Organization members have accepted the agreement, with China being one of the early signatories [3] Group 3: "30 by 30" Target - The "30 by 30" target aims to protect at least 30% of global land and ocean by 2030, but only 2.8% of the ocean is currently assessed as potentially effectively protected [4] - Analysts suggest that financial tools like blue bonds and blue loans will be crucial to bridge the funding gap needed to achieve this target [4] Group 4: Conference Outcomes - The conference will aim to adopt a concise, action-oriented declaration known as the "Nice Ocean Action Plan," which will include voluntary commitments [5] - The success of the conference in achieving consensus and translating it into actionable steps will significantly impact future global ocean protection and sustainable use efforts [5]