Core Viewpoint - The "Agreement on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction" officially came into effect on January 17, marking a significant milestone in global ocean governance and reflecting China's commitment to collaborative global governance [1][2]. Group 1: International Treaty Framework - The Agreement is the first international treaty under the United Nations framework that establishes rules for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity, focusing on four key areas: deep-sea genetic resources, marine protected areas, environmental impact assessments, and capacity building [1][2]. - The negotiation process for the Agreement began in 2004 and was concluded in June 2023, with the signing opened in September of the same year [1]. Group 2: Enhancements to Global Ocean Governance - The Agreement improves existing global ocean governance rules by emphasizing coordination and cooperation, ensuring that its implementation does not undermine existing maritime international mechanisms [2]. - It establishes five subsidiary bodies to continuously advance the development of relevant standards and guidelines, adapting to future technological and human activity developments [2]. Group 3: National Security Implications - Marine biodiversity is crucial for ecological balance and human development, serving as a "blue cornerstone" in national security systems [3]. - The safety of marine biological resources is linked to ecological security, resource security, and geopolitical competition, making it a focal point in international relations [3][4]. Group 4: China's Role in Global Ocean Governance - China is transitioning from a participant to an active implementer and promoter of global ocean governance, advocating for a fair and reasonable rule framework [5]. - The country emphasizes multilateralism and mutual benefit in maritime security, actively participating in the United Nations framework for ocean governance and promoting sustainable development principles [5][6]. - China aims to build cross-border marine ecological protection alliances and enhance domestic and international legal mechanisms to achieve coordinated development of marine biodiversity protection and national security [6][7].

转自：成都日报锦观 填补关键治理空白 《海洋生物多样性协定》生效 据新华社联合国1月17日电（记者 潘云召） 《〈联合国海洋法公约〉下国家管辖范围以外区域海洋生物 多样性的养护和可持续利用协定》（以下简称《海洋生物多样性协定》）17日正式生效。联合国秘书长 古特雷斯当天发表声明，指出这是"一项历史性成就"。 声明说，《海洋生物多样性协定》建立了首个法律框架，用于保护和可持续利用位于国家管辖范围以外 区域的海洋生物多样性。国际社会现在有了"具有约束力的"全球规则，公平分享海洋遗传资源带来的益 处，建立并实施海洋保护区，开展严格的环境影响评估，并向最需要的国家提供能力建设和技术支持。 声明说，《海洋生物多样性协定》填补了关键的治理空白，以确保所有人都能拥有可迅速恢复并富有生 产力的海洋。该协定的生效标志着海洋事业发展的一个分水岭时刻，对人类和地球、对国际合作、对联 合国而言，都是一项历史性成就。古特雷斯敦促所有国家加入该协定，并呼吁国际社会迅速行动起来， 全面落实协定。 《海洋生物多样性协定》谈判进程始于2004年，于2023年6月以协商一致方式获得通过，并于同年9月开 放签署。中国于2025年12月向古特雷斯交 ...

《海洋生物多样性协定》谈判进程始于2004年，于2023年6月以协商一致方式获得通过，并于同年 9月开放签署。中国于2025年12月向古特雷斯交存《海洋生物多样性协定》批准书。 声明说，《海洋生物多样性协定》填补了关键的治理空白，以确保所有人都能拥有可迅速恢复并 富有生产力的海洋。该协定的生效标志着海洋事业发展的一个分水岭时刻，对人类和地球、对国 际合作、对联合国而言，都是一项历史性成就。古特雷斯敦促所有国家加入该协定，并呼吁国际 社会迅速行动起来，全面落实协定。 新华社联合国1月17日电（记者潘云召）《〈联合国海洋法公约〉下国家管辖范围以外区域海洋生 物多样性的养护和可持续利用协定》（以下简称《海洋生物多样性协定》）17日正式生效。联合 国秘书长古特雷斯当天发表声明，指出这是"一项历史性成就"。 声明说，《海洋生物多样性协定》建立了首个法律框架，用于保护和可持续利用位于国家管辖范 围以外区域的海洋生物多样性。国际社会现在有了"具有约束力的"全球规则，公平分享海洋遗传 资源带来的益处，建立并实施海洋保护区，开展严格的环境影响评估，并向最需要的国家提供能 力建设和技术支持。 ...

《海洋生物多样性协定》管辖范围涵盖地球近一半的表面积——这些广袤海域不受任何国家管辖，却面 临日益严峻的生态威胁，包括破坏性捕捞、航运污染、塑料垃圾及潜在的深海采矿活动等，而气候变化 进一步加剧了这些挑战。海洋作为地球重要的碳汇和氧气来源，其健康状态直接影响全球气候危机的应 对能力。 全球首部具有法律约束力的公海生物多样性保护国际公约——《海洋生物多样性协定》1月17日正式生 效，这标志着经过近20年谈判后，全球海洋保护迎来历史性时刻。 截至生效前一天，已有83个国家完成了批准程序，其中包括中国等主要海洋大国。美国虽已签署但尚未 批准，因此仅能以观察员身份参与后续会议，不具备表决权。 《海洋生物多样性协定》的正式名称是《〈联合国海洋法公约〉下国家管辖范围以外区域海洋生物多样 性的养护和可持续利用协定》，自2004年启动谈判，并于2023年在纽约举行的第一届联合国海洋大会上 达成。 《协定》为在全球公海设立保护区首次提供了法律规制，填补了国际海洋法的空白。根据《协定》，缔 约国需在海洋科技领域加强协作，并支持发展中国家提升海洋治理能力。各国企业若计划开展可能损害 海洋生态的活动，须按《协定》标准进行环境影响评估 ...

4 4 蚊虫累（南非焯荣或累） 本报讯（记者陈蕾）从餐桌上鲜美的扇贝，到沙滩上多彩的贝壳，贝类在自然生态系统中扮演着重要的角色。昨日，广西自然博物馆跨年新展"'贝'感神奇 ——探秘海洋贝类世界"吸引了许多孩子走进神秘的贝类王国，探索一枚枚贝壳中蕴藏的自然史诗。 展览中最吸睛的主角，无疑是丰富多彩的贝类标本。体型巨大，寿命可长达百年的"贝王"砗磲；外壳浑厚饱满，酷似唐代冠冕的唐冠螺；历经数亿年演化， 被誉为"海洋活化石"的古老物种鹦鹉螺……它们形态各异、色彩斑斓，生动诠释着"海洋建筑师"与"海洋调色盘"的非凡魅力，展览让观众得以近距离领略这 份绚丽与神奇。 展览还深入挖掘了贝类演化与人类文明交织的悠久历史。从汉字中大量与"贝"相关的字词所蕴含的文化内涵，到贝类在饮食、医药、建筑、音乐及装饰艺术 中的广泛应用，一段段深厚的人文历史在此徐徐展开，生动呈现了贝类与人类之间绵长而紧密的联系。 其中，独具地域特色的"南珠"文化成为展览的一大叙事亮点。展览以广西北海合浦珍珠为核心，系统讲述了合浦跨越千年的采珠历史、"合浦珠还"的经典典 故，以及南珠在古代海上丝绸之路中的重要角色，勾勒出一幅融合地方记忆与文化传承的生动图景。 ...

近日，自然资源部第一海洋研究所（以下简称海洋一所）科研人员赴印度尼西亚，联合苏迪曼将军 大学开展深海栖息地保护社区服务与教育提升系列活动。 11月18日，双方在印尼中爪哇省芝拉扎市的社区渔业码头管理局举办了交流研讨会，围绕渔业生产 对深海栖息地潜在影响，与当地渔民进行了沟通。印尼社区渔业管理部门代表及苏迪曼将军大学专家分 享了印尼海洋渔业发展现状、噪声污染对深海栖息地影响等见解。会后，海洋一所科研人员到渔港实地 考察，调研当地渔民生产生活的用海情况，并通过科普宣传，增强了社区居民的深海保护意识。 11月19日~20日，海洋一所在苏迪曼将军大学举办了深海栖息地保护专项教育讲座。讲座结合国内 外深海科研数据与研究成果，详细讲解了深海生物种群的分布区域、物种特异性丰富度、生态功能及种 群类型等方面的知识。参会师生就深海栖息地先进调查技术、国际公海保护形势等话题进行了探讨。 此次系列活动是双方继红树林保护与修复系列活动后的再度携手，标志着双方合作由近岸生态延伸 至深海保护，为未来在多领域长期合作提供了重要参考，同时也为海洋生物多样性保护和中国印尼海洋 合作带来了新的活力。 ...

Core Insights - The APEC workshop on marine biodiversity protection and sustainable community development was held in Shenzhen from October 28 to 30, 2023, under the guidance of the Ministry of Natural Resources of China [2] - The workshop is part of an APEC international fund project led by China, with support from Chile, Hong Kong, and Peru, focusing on sharing experiences in marine resource management and ecological protection [2] - The event featured discussions on four main themes: macro strategies and policy guidance, innovation and technology empowerment, integrated practices and collaborative management, and multi-stakeholder governance and community empowerment [2] Summary by Sections - **Workshop Objectives**: The workshop aimed to promote marine biodiversity protection and sustainable community development through various activities, including baseline research, case studies, and international exchanges [2] - **Publication of Guidelines**: The "APEC Community-Based Marine Biodiversity Protection Technical Guidelines" was released, offering practical recommendations on community-led governance, cross-regional collaboration, and evidence-based monitoring mechanisms [3] - **Participation and Impact**: Approximately 100 participants from nine member economies, including China, Indonesia, Thailand, and Russia, as well as representatives from Panama, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, attended the workshop, highlighting APEC's role in fostering marine ecological civilization in the Asia-Pacific region [3]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the importance of horseshoe crab conservation, emphasizing ongoing research and monitoring efforts in the Beibu Gulf to protect this ancient marine species, which is crucial for marine biodiversity [4][5]. Group 1: Research and Monitoring Efforts - The Fourth Institute of Oceanography has been conducting surveys of horseshoe crab resources in the Beibu Gulf, providing essential scientific support for the conservation of this valuable species [4]. - A long-term monitoring network has been established in key habitats such as Shatian and Zhulin, allowing researchers to accurately track population dynamics, distribution patterns, and habitat changes [4]. - This year's survey has successfully completed field monitoring of three important horseshoe crab habitats, focusing on both population and environmental quality assessments [4]. Group 2: Data Collection and Analysis - The research team collected sediment and water samples from habitats to analyze environmental factors affecting horseshoe crab survival and reproduction, which will inform habitat protection and restoration efforts [4]. - In the previous year's monitoring, a notable density of horseshoe crabs was recorded in the Shatian area, reaching 46.88 individuals per 100 square meters, indicating a relatively healthy habitat and the potential success of long-term conservation efforts [5]. Group 3: Regional and Global Collaboration - The Fourth Institute of Oceanography joined the Asia-Pacific Horseshoe Crab Observation Network in 2021, promoting standardized monitoring methods and international sharing of conservation experiences and research results [5].

Core Insights - The Mediterranean region is facing a significant environmental crisis, highlighted by the discovery of 167 pieces of waste, primarily plastic, in the Calypso Deep, indicating a broader global ocean health crisis [1] - The third United Nations Ocean Conference held in Nice, France, gathered over 15,000 representatives from more than 170 countries, resulting in the release of the "Nice Ocean Action Plan" aimed at urgent global cooperation for ocean protection [1][4] Ocean Health Status - The "Starfish Barometer," the first annual global ocean health assessment report, warns of alarming changes: global sea levels have risen approximately 23 centimeters since 1901, with projections for 2024 to reach new highs [2] - Ocean heat content is at its highest since 1960, with sea surface temperatures rising by 0.25 degrees Celsius, exacerbating extreme weather and accelerating ocean acidification [2] - Human activities are linked to these changes, with global fossil fuel CO2 emissions projected to reach 3.74 billion tons in 2024, and over one-third of fishery resources are overfished, increasing by about 1% annually [2] Conference Outcomes - The "Nice Ocean Action Plan" consists of a political declaration and voluntary commitments from countries, calling for specific measures to protect oceans, including expanding marine protected areas and addressing marine pollution [6] - The conference also advanced the process of protecting marine biodiversity, with 19 countries approving a UN agreement aimed at enhancing the conservation of marine biodiversity in international waters [6] China's Participation - China's extensive participation in the conference was recognized, showcasing a multi-sectoral approach to global ocean governance, including sustainable fishing practices and the development of marine ranching [8] - The introduction of the COAST toolkit, developed by Chinese research institutions, aims to provide systematic solutions for coastal cities facing climate change challenges, emphasizing data sharing and international collaboration [9][10] Global Research Initiatives - Several global ocean research initiatives were launched, including the "Neptune Mission" for deep-sea exploration and the establishment of the "Space4Ocean Alliance" to integrate space technology with ocean monitoring [9] - Chinese research institutions played a significant role in these initiatives, contributing to global data sharing and capacity building in ocean governance [9]

Core Viewpoint - The third United Nations Ocean Conference held in Nice, France, from June 9 to 13, proposed the "Nice Ocean Action Plan" to address global ocean governance issues, particularly focusing on marine biodiversity protection [1][2]. Group 1: Ocean Governance and Biodiversity - The conference addressed critical issues such as overfishing, climate change impacts, and unsustainable resource management [1]. - The "Nice Ocean Action Plan" consists of a political declaration calling for specific actions, including expanding marine protected areas, decarbonizing the shipping industry, addressing ocean pollution, and funding for vulnerable coastal and island regions [1]. - As of June 13, 136 countries, regions, and organizations signed the agreement on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction, with 50 already ratifying it, nearing the target of 60 [2]. Group 2: Climate Change and International Cooperation - Ocean governance is deemed crucial for global climate governance, with the ocean carbon sink being 20 times larger than terrestrial carbon sinks and 50 times larger than atmospheric carbon [3]. - The conference highlighted the importance of multilateralism in addressing global challenges such as climate change and rising sea levels, with China being recognized for its contributions to ocean governance [3]. - Participants emphasized the need for international cooperation in protecting the planet, with calls for all nations to collaborate rather than act unilaterally [3].