新华社北京2月11日电 题：CPI进行新一轮基期轮换，有哪些新变化？ 新华社记者王雨萧 2月11日，国家统计局发布了以2025年为基期的全国居民消费价格指数（CPI）和工业生产者出厂价格 指数（PPI）数据，这是本次基期轮换后的首次数据发布。为什么要开展价格指数基期轮换？本轮基期 轮换涉及哪些新变化？记者采访了国家统计局城市司负责人。 问：为什么要开展价格指数基期轮换？ 答：基期轮换是价格指数编制的重要基础性工作，也是国际惯例和通行做法。按照统计制度安排，目前 我国CPI和PPI每五年进行一次基期轮换，2026年开始编制和发布以2025年为基期的价格指数。 CPI是综合反映一定时期内居民消费的商品和服务价格水平变动情况的相对数。由于居民消费的类别和 品种成千上万，通常选取一定时期内居民经常消费、对居民生活影响较大、有代表性的一组商品和服务 作为"固定篮子"，用它们的价格变化来代表全社会所有商品和服务的价格变化。随着经济社会发展，居 民消费结构也在发生变化，需要及时调整CPI调查的"固定篮子"。例如，随着我国居民越来越多地购买 新能源小汽车，车用电力作为交通工具用能源需及时纳入CPI调查范围。CPI基期轮换就是 ...

Core Viewpoint - The National Bureau of Statistics released the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Producer Price Index (PPI) data based on the 2025 benchmark, marking the first data release after the benchmark rotation [1] Group 1: Purpose of Benchmark Rotation - Benchmark rotation is a fundamental task in compiling price indices, aligning with international practices to adapt to changes in the structure of goods and services transactions in production, circulation, and consumption [2] - The CPI reflects the price level changes of goods and services consumed by residents over a certain period, requiring timely adjustments to the "fixed basket" of goods to accurately represent market price changes [2] Group 2: Changes in CPI Survey - The CPI benchmark rotation involves revising the survey classification directory, survey points, representative specifications, classification weights, and price comparison benchmarks [3] - The current CPI survey classification directory has been adjusted based on comprehensive market research, adding new categories such as housing security equipment, elderly products, and internet medical services, while maintaining 8 major categories and 268 basic classifications [3][4] Group 3: Survey Points and Data Collection - Approximately 120,000 survey points and about 620,000 representative specifications were selected for the current benchmark, expanding the coverage compared to the previous benchmark [4] - New retail formats and data collection methods, including online transaction prices and big data applications, have been incorporated to better reflect new consumption patterns [4] Group 4: CPI Weight Calculation - CPI weights are determined based on household expenditure surveys and other macro data, ensuring they accurately reflect the consumption structure [5] - The weights for the eight major categories in the 2025 benchmark are as follows: Food, Alcohol, and Dining Out (29.5%), Clothing (5.4%), Housing (22.1%), Household Goods and Services (5.5%), Transportation and Communication (14.3%), Education, Culture, and Entertainment (11.4%), Medical Care (8.9%), and Other Goods and Services (2.9%) [6][7] Group 5: Impact of Benchmark Rotation - The benchmark rotation will influence the CPI and PPI indices due to changes in survey classifications, survey points, and weights, with an estimated average impact of approximately 0.06 and 0.08 percentage points on the monthly year-on-year indices for CPI and PPI, respectively [9]

（文章来源：国家统计局） CPI权数是指按对比期价格购买"固定篮子"中各类商品或服务的支出占购买整个篮子所需支出的比重。 权数来源以住户收支与生活状况调查中居民消费支出资料为主，部分小类和基本分类通过权数专项调查 细化补充，并结合其他宏观数据、行业统计资料加以完善，确保权数客观真实反映居民消费结构。具体 来看，食品烟酒及在外餐饮、衣着、居住、生活用品及服务、交通通信、教育文化娱乐、医疗保健、其 他用品及服务八个大类的2025年基期权数分别为29.5%、5.4%、22.1%、5.5%、14.3%、11.4%、8.9%和 2.9%。 ...