The yield on the 10-year note ended September 19, 2025 at 4.14%. Meanwhile the 2-year note ended at 3.57% and the 30-year note ended at 4.75%. The chart below overlays the daily performance of several Treasury bonds, starting from the pre-recession equity market peaks, along with the Federal Funds Rate (FFR) since 2007. This next table shows the highs and lows of yields and the Federal Funds Rate (FFR) since 2007. A Long-Term Look at the 10-Year Treasury Yield Here is a long-term view of the 10-year yield s ...

Core Viewpoint - The Federal Reserve is expected to initiate a series of interest rate cuts starting in 2025, with projections indicating a decline that may continue into the third quarter of 2026 [2][3][4] Interest Rate Cuts and Market Expectations - The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) has reduced the fed funds target rate by 0.25% to a range of 4% - 4.25% [3] - Financial markets anticipate a steady decline in the fed funds rate, potentially bottoming out just below 3% by the end of 2026 [4][10] Impact on Households - Lower interest rates will affect American households in two significant ways: reduced income from investments and lower payments on loans such as mortgages [5][6] - The average yield on money market funds is currently 4.08%, which is favorable compared to the inflation rate of 3.1% [7][8] Money Market Funds Outlook - As the Fed reduces interest rates, yields on money market funds are expected to decline, potentially falling below 3% by late 2026 [9][10] - The current inflow into money market funds, which exceeds $7.3 trillion, may reverse as yields decrease [8] Yield Curve Dynamics - An inverted yield curve has led to higher yields on short-term bonds compared to longer-term bonds, driving inflows into money market funds [11] - A return to a positively sloped yield curve is anticipated, making longer-term bonds more attractive as front-end rates decline [12][14] Mortgage Market Implications - Lower interest rates are expected to facilitate cheaper borrowing, particularly for mortgage refinancing, with average 30-year mortgage rates dipping below 6.5% [16][17] - Increased mortgage refinancing activity is anticipated as homeowners take advantage of lower rates, which are more closely correlated with the 10-year Treasury yield [17][18] Overall Economic Impact - The net effect of lower interest rates is viewed positively, as they provide cheaper borrowing costs while also reducing income from short-term investments [20][21] - The favorable environment for equities and other risk assets is also a significant consideration for investors [22]

Here is a long-term view of the 10-year yield starting in 1965, well before the 1973 oil embargo that triggered the era of 'stagflation' (economic stagnation coupled with inflation) Inverted Yield Curve An inverted yield curve is when longer-term Treasury yields are lower than their shorter term counterparts. The next chart displays the latest 10-2 spread. Typically, the spread turns negative for a period before rising again prior to recessions, as illustrated in the four recessions shown on this chart. For ...