虽然从短期来看，委内瑞拉石油很难取代加拿大原油，但这一威胁凸显了贸易多元化对加拿大的重要 性。Servus Credit Union的Charles St-Arnaud表示，加拿大目前每天向美国出口约450万桶原油，而委内 瑞拉目前的日产量仅为100万桶，且后者需要大量投资才能提高产量。Charles 补充称，地理因素也对加 拿大有利，因为加拿大的大部分原油直接运往美国中西部的炼油厂。他认为，从委内瑞拉向太平洋西北 地区派遣油轮的成本降低了替代的可能性，不过加拿大出口到墨西哥湾沿岸的石油（约占总出口量的 10%）可能会受到威胁。 ...

Core Insights - The ongoing trade tensions between Afghanistan and Pakistan have escalated since the Taliban's takeover in 2021, with Afghanistan seeking to diversify its trade routes away from Pakistan due to accusations of harboring militants [1][10] Trade Dynamics - Pakistan is Afghanistan's primary trading partner, accounting for 45% of Afghan exports in 2024, with over 70% of these exports, valued at $1.4 billion, consisting of perishable goods like figs, pistachios, grapes, and pomegranates [2][5] - The closure of the border on October 12 due to cross-border violence has resulted in significant losses exceeding $100 million for both countries, affecting around 25,000 border workers [5][10] Shifts in Trade Partnerships - In response to the border closure, Afghanistan is increasing trade with Iran and Central Asia, with trade volumes reportedly rising by 60-70% since mid-October [6][7] - Afghanistan has begun exporting apples and pomegranates to Russia, which is the only country to officially recognize the Taliban government [7] Export Challenges - Afghanistan faces challenges in exporting its agricultural products due to a lack of refrigerated storage, prompting calls for urgent exports to prevent spoilage [8] - The Taliban government is promoting Iran's Chabahar port as an alternative to Pakistan's ports, although it is noted to be more expensive and further away, compounded by US sanctions on Iran [9] Economic Impact - The trade war is impacting both economies, with Afghan produce nearly disappearing from markets in Pakistan, leading to significant price increases for items like grapes and tomatoes [10][11] - The Pakistan Afghanistan Joint Chamber of Commerce and Industry (PAJCCI) has warned of escalating costs due to shipping containers being stuck in Pakistan, incurring daily charges of $150-$200 [12]

Trade Diversification - Vietnam's exports to the US account for 30% of its total exports, highlighting the need for diversification amid trade turbulence[2] - Vietnam has a free-trade agreement (FTA) with the EU, but trade with the EU is significantly lower at USD 68 billion compared to USD 206 billion with China and USD 135 billion with the US[11] - Vietnam's trade exposure with ASEAN peers is among the lowest in the region, indicating potential for increased intra-regional trade[3] Trade Performance - Vietnam's exports grew by 17% year-on-year in May, while imports increased by 14% year-on-year, driven largely by non-phone electronics shipments[29] - The trade surplus has halved to USD 0.5 billion in April and May from the first quarter of 2025, indicating an import-intensive manufacturing sector[30] - Electronics exports to the US surged over 70% year-on-year, underscoring the significance of Vietnam in the electronics supply chain[29] Economic Indicators - The Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) showed a decline from 50.5 in March to 49.8 in May, indicating a contraction in manufacturing activity[5] - Consumer Price Index (CPI) remained stable at 3.2% year-on-year in May, well below the State Bank of Vietnam's target of 4.5-5%[38] - Retail sales have improved, now only 4% lower than pre-pandemic levels, signaling recovery in domestic consumption[38]