Core Insights - The new election results for academicians from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering highlight significant advancements in the fields of medicine and life sciences, with a total of 144 new academicians elected, including 73 from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and 71 from the Chinese Academy of Engineering [1] Group 1: Election Overview - The election results were announced on November 21, 2025, showcasing a balanced representation across various fields [1] - A total of 21 distinguished scholars were elected in the fields of medicine and life sciences, reflecting a multidisciplinary integration in high-level talent development [1] Group 2: New Academicians from the Chinese Academy of Sciences - The newly elected academicians from the Life Sciences and Medicine Division include 13 members, with contributions spanning from basic research to clinical applications [2] - Notable contributions include advancements in minimally invasive surgery, cell fate regulation, and the integration of gut microbiota research with cancer prevention [3][4] Group 3: New Academicians from the Chinese Academy of Engineering - The newly elected academicians from the Medical and Health Division focus on major technological breakthroughs in disease prevention, drug development, and public health [5] - Key figures include experts in hematopoietic stem cell research, military pharmacology, and innovative treatment approaches for various cancers [6] Group 4: Innovation Trends - The election results emphasize the innovative trends in medical and health sciences, addressing both fundamental research and significant technological breakthroughs aimed at improving public health [7] - The biannual election of academicians is expected to provide strong intellectual support for the strategic development of China's medical and health sectors [7]

Core Insights - The article highlights that China is surpassing the United States in scientific research output and certain cutting-edge fields, indicating a potential end to the dominance of Silicon Valley and top U.S. universities in shaping the future of science [1] Research Output Comparison - In 2024, Chinese researchers published 1.1 million papers compared to 880,000 from the U.S., showing an expanding gap in research output [1] - In the medical field, China's share of published papers rose from 40% in 2023 to over 50% in 2024 [1] - China leads in energy research, accounting for approximately 35% of global publications in this area [1] Quality of Research - China is not only leading in quantity but also in high-quality research output, as indicated by patent filings and other metrics [1] Influence on Other Countries - China's rise in scientific research is becoming a model for other countries, particularly Vietnam, which aims to significantly increase R&D investment to replicate China's past successes [1] Vietnam's R&D Plans - Vietnam plans to establish five tech companies valued at $1 billion by 2025 and ten by 2030, with R&D investment expected to reach 1.5% of GDP by 2025 [3] - However, as of 2023, Vietnam's R&D investment was only 0.43% of GDP, indicating challenges in innovation [3] Emerging Technologies - China is making significant contributions in key future technology areas, including green nitrogen fixation, next-generation nuclear energy, and generative watermarking technology [5] - The World Economic Forum's collaboration with the journal "Frontiers" highlights these technologies as critical for the next five to ten years [5] Publishing Infrastructure - The increasing number of Chinese universities and publishers launching their own journals and platforms is seen as a natural evolution to support the growing research output [5] - The journal "Frontiers" is adopting AI tools to enhance efficiency in scientific publishing, predicting a fundamental transformation in the field within five years [5]

Core Insights - The Trump administration's significant reduction in federal research funding has led to the cancellation of over 380 clinical trials funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) from February to August this year, affecting more than 74,000 participants [1][2] - The halted clinical trials primarily focused on infectious disease research, prevention, behavioral interventions, as well as studies related to cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and mental health [1] - The abrupt funding cuts raise concerns about resource wastage, declining data quality, and the inability of researchers to fulfill their ethical responsibilities to participants [1] Research Impact - The study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association highlights that the interruption of these clinical trials lacks scientific justification and violates fundamental ethical principles of human subject research [1] - The implications of these funding cuts extend beyond the immediate trials, potentially causing long-term damage to the entire public health research ecosystem in the United States [2] - Public health experts emphasize that basic medical research relies on long-term planning and sustained investment, indicating that the effects of reduced research funding could be profound and lasting [2]

Core Insights - A recent study published in the journal Nature Medicine indicates that walking more than 5,000 steps daily may help slow cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer's disease, particularly by reducing tau protein accumulation [1][2][3] Group 1: Research Findings - The study tracked 294 cognitively healthy older adults (ages 50-90) over 14 years, utilizing pedometer data and PET imaging to assess amyloid and tau protein levels [2] - Increased physical activity was linked to a slower rate of cognitive decline related to amyloid plaques, with a specific focus on tau protein accumulation rather than amyloid pathology [2] - Moderate activity levels (5,001-7,500 steps daily) were associated with stable tau protein levels and cognitive function, while even light activity (3,001-5,000 steps) showed significant benefits in slowing tau accumulation and cognitive decline [2][3] Group 2: Implications for Older Adults - The findings suggest that increasing physical activity could be a viable strategy to delay the pathological changes and cognitive decline associated with preclinical Alzheimer's disease [3] - The study emphasizes achievable exercise goals for sedentary older adults, especially with the rise of digital wearable devices like smartwatches, which can motivate increased physical activity [3]

Core Insights - Obesity has become a global health crisis affecting over one billion people, with abnormal growth of adipose tissue being a core risk factor for various diseases including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases [7] - A groundbreaking study published in Nature on July 9, 2025, by a UK research team revealed key cellular types and molecular events involved in the remodeling of human adipose tissue during obesity and weight loss [7][10] - The study identified a selective aging susceptibility in metabolic, precursor, and vascular cells, confirming that weight loss can effectively reverse this aging process [7][10] Group 1: Study Findings - The research constructed a high-precision spatial single-nucleus transcriptome map covering 171,247 cells from 70 subjects, providing insights into the cellular composition and functional dynamics during weight gain and loss [8][10] - In obese states, there is significant immune cell infiltration in adipose tissue, primarily by macrophages, while the number of mature adipocytes decreases, indicating increased cell death or impaired renewal functions [8][12] - Weight loss interventions can significantly reverse these pathological changes, enhancing metabolic health [12] Group 2: Molecular Mechanisms - Weight loss leads to a significant downregulation of p21 expression and activation of cell cycle progression genes, demonstrating its anti-aging effects [10] - The study identified six functional groups of transcription factors involved in the aging process, which may exacerbate the cycle of stress, aging, and tissue damage [10][12] - Weight loss treatment can effectively shut down this transcriptional cascade, contributing to improved metabolic health [12] Group 3: Implications for Treatment - The findings provide breakthrough insights into the mechanisms of adipose tissue dysfunction and the reversal effects of weight loss, laying a solid foundation for future therapeutic developments [12]

Core Insights - The conference aims to address the growing global demand for health solutions related to aging, focusing on innovative research and clinical applications in the field of anti-aging and homeostasis medicine [1][2] - The concept of "homeostasis" is defined as the foundation of life and health, with the conference promoting a shift from traditional disease treatment to a health-centered proactive prevention system [1][2] Group 1: Conference Objectives and Themes - The core goal of the conference is to promote deep integration of homeostasis medicine across basic research, clinical translation, and industrial application, contributing Chinese wisdom to global health governance [2] - The conference emphasizes a paradigm shift in health concepts, redefining aging as an intervenable biological process rather than an irreversible endpoint, and promoting the idea of health over mere longevity [2] Group 2: Academic Contributions and Publications - The term "homeostasis medicine" was officially launched at the conference, marking the establishment of a new discipline aimed at addressing aging and health issues [3] - Several publications related to homeostasis medicine and anti-aging were released, including a new book edited by Wang Songling, which aims to construct a comprehensive theoretical framework for the field [3] Group 3: Collaborative Initiatives - A "Homeostasis Medicine Big System" was established during the conference, integrating global research institutions, clinical hospitals, and enterprises, fostering long-term cooperation and a mechanism for shared research and outcomes [4] - This system aims to create a new paradigm of collaborative development and mutual benefit in the fields of anti-aging and homeostasis medicine, contributing to global responses to aging challenges [4]

Core Insights - The article discusses the metabolic reprogramming that occurs during critical illness, emphasizing the role of inflammation and immune response in altering energy distribution and substrate utilization within the body [6][9][27]. Metabolic Regulation Principles - The priority of substrate utilization shifts during critical illness, with the body first consuming glucose and glycogen, followed by fats and proteins. This shift is crucial for supporting immune and inflammatory cell needs, leading to significant breakdown of muscle and fat tissues [10][13]. - The liver and kidneys enhance gluconeogenesis during critical illness, utilizing lactate, glycerol, and amino acids as substrates, which is vital for maintaining glucose levels [13]. Immune and Inflammatory Cell Metabolism - Immune cells, particularly M1 macrophages and activated T cells, primarily rely on aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) for rapid ATP production and biosynthetic precursors, supporting inflammatory responses despite lower energy efficiency [16][18]. - Metabolic intermediates can epigenetically regulate gene expression, influencing inflammation and immune responses [17]. Muscle and Fat Tissue Metabolic Remodeling - In critical illness, white adipose tissue may convert to brown adipose tissue, enhancing thermogenic capacity, while obesity paradox suggests that obese individuals may have better survival rates due to greater energy reserves and anti-inflammatory factors [20][22]. - Muscle protein breakdown is significantly increased due to enhanced ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy mechanisms, leading to muscle wasting [22][26]. Conclusion - The body adapts through metabolic reprogramming during critical illness to enhance immune protection and survival, with a focus on the roles of immune cell metabolism and the breakdown of muscle and fat tissues. Future research should explore innovative interventions targeting metabolic pathways to improve clinical outcomes for critically ill patients [27].

Core Viewpoint - The inclusion of genomic sequencing in newborn screening can significantly enhance the detection of hundreds of disease risks, facilitating earlier diagnosis and treatment [1] Group 1: Research Findings - The study conducted by the Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Victoria's Clinical Genetics Service indicates that genomic sequencing can provide screening results for hundreds of treatable diseases within 14 days when added to the current heel prick test in Australia [1] - The research involved genomic sequencing of heel prick blood samples from 1,000 newborns in Victoria, examining 605 genes associated with early-onset, severe, and treatable diseases, revealing that 16 newborns had a higher likelihood of genetic diseases compared to only 1 detected through standard screening [1] - Currently, the Australian heel prick test covers 32 diseases, and the study suggests that genomic sequencing could expand the screening to include risks for cancers and undetectable heart and neurological diseases [1] Group 2: Parental Acceptance and Ethical Considerations - The acceptance level among parents for genomic sequencing is notably high, with 99.5% believing that such testing should be extended to all newborns [1] - Researchers caution that newborn genomic sequencing faces operational and ethical challenges, including costs, equity, data storage security, and decision-making rights for children as they grow [1]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significance of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine awarded to Japanese scientist Shimon Sakaguchi for his research on regulatory T cells, which has revolutionized immunotherapy and deepened the understanding of the immune system [4][8]. Summary by Sections Discovery and Importance of Regulatory T Cells - Regulatory T cells play a crucial role in maintaining immune balance, and their subtle changes in quantity can significantly impact health. A decrease can lead to autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes and lupus, while an increase can result in tumors and infections [9][10]. - The discovery of regulatory T cells by Sakaguchi and his colleagues has advanced research in autoimmune diseases and the immune system's functioning [8]. Shimon Sakaguchi's Journey - Sakaguchi faced skepticism and was labeled an "heretic" in the scientific community for proposing the existence of regulatory T cells, which contradicted the prevailing view that T cells only had an attacking function [11][27]. - His research journey was marked by persistence despite numerous challenges, including funding issues and rejection from top journals [35][36]. Breakthroughs and Collaborations - The turning point in Sakaguchi's research came when he linked the Foxp3 gene mutation to regulatory T cells, confirming their role in autoimmune diseases [42]. - Collaborations with scientists like Mary Blenko and Fred Ramsdell were pivotal in validating his findings and advancing the research [49]. Future Implications - Although the discovery of regulatory T cells has not yet directly translated into clinical applications, it provides potential therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases and cancer treatment [47]. - Sakaguchi emphasizes the importance of time and persistence in scientific research, highlighting that breakthroughs often require sustained effort and collaboration [49].

Core Insights - The article discusses the significant relationship between weight loss and the remission of type 2 diabetes, emphasizing that weight management plays a crucial role in diabetes treatment [7][17]. Research Overview - A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines, analyzing randomized controlled trials on weight loss interventions for type 2 diabetes patients [9]. - The study included 22 trials, with a total of 3602 initial articles screened, focusing on the proportion of participants achieving complete or partial remission after one year without using glucose-lowering medications [9][11]. Research Results - There is a clear dose-response relationship between weight loss and diabetes remission rates. A 1% weight loss increases the probability of complete remission by 2.17% and partial remission by 2.74% [11]. - The average proportion of complete remission was found to be 47.8%, significantly influenced by the extent of weight loss. For instance, complete remission was only 0.7% with less than 10% weight loss, while it rose to 79.1% with a weight loss of 30% or more [14][16]. - The average proportion of partial remission was 41.4%, also varying with weight loss. For example, it was 5.4% with less than 10% weight loss and increased to 89.5% with a weight loss of 30% or more [16]. Implications and Future Directions - The findings provide new insights for managing type 2 diabetes, highlighting the importance of weight control in treatment strategies [17]. - The study suggests that even moderate weight loss can yield significant health benefits, indicating the potential for various weight loss interventions, including lifestyle changes, medication, and surgical options [17][18]. - Future research should focus on the long-term effects of weight loss on diabetes remission and the effectiveness of new generation weight loss medications [18].