Core Insights - The research reveals that metabolic factors, particularly gut health, play a significant role in the development of osteoarthritis, challenging the traditional view that it is primarily caused by local mechanical factors [1][2][3] - The study indicates a notable difference in gut microbiota composition and key metabolites between osteoarthritis patients and healthy individuals, suggesting a potential new direction for treatment [3][4] Group 1: Osteoarthritis Overview - Osteoarthritis is characterized by degeneration of joint cartilage and underlying bone, leading to pain, deformity, and functional impairment, significantly affecting patients' quality of life [2] - As of 2021, approximately 606 million people globally suffer from osteoarthritis, with around 152 million cases in China, reflecting a prevalence rate of 10.8% [2] Group 2: Research Findings - The research team conducted a large-scale study involving 4,080 community residents aged 50 and above, revealing a link between bile acid metabolism and osteoarthritis, influenced by gut microbiota [3][4] - A significant reduction in the abundance of specific gut bacteria (Bacteroides) was observed in osteoarthritis patients, correlating with abnormal bile acid metabolism [4][5] Group 3: Treatment Implications - The study suggests that supplementation with bile acids or GLP-1 analogs can significantly alleviate cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis models, indicating a potential therapeutic pathway [5] - The findings highlight GLP-1 as a crucial mediator between gut health and joint protection, opening avenues for new treatment strategies [5] Group 4: Broader Implications of Gut Microbiota - Gut microbiota dysbiosis is linked to various diseases, including depression, diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases, emphasizing the importance of gut health in overall well-being [6][7] - The gut microbiome plays a critical role in immune regulation and systemic inflammation, with imbalances potentially leading to increased risks of autoimmune diseases and infections [7]

Core Insights - The study indicates that hypertension is preventable and that managing key health risk factors can significantly reduce or eliminate the risk of premature death among hypertensive patients [2][4] - The research tracked over 70,000 hypertensive patients and 224,000 non-hypertensive subjects for nearly 14 years to assess the impact of health risk factor management on early mortality rates [2] Group 1: Health Risk Factors - The study evaluated eight health risk factors: blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, low-density lipoprotein, blood sugar, kidney function, smoking status, and physical activity [2] - Hypertensive patients who managed at least four health risk factors had no higher risk of premature death compared to non-hypertensive subjects [2] Group 2: Impact of Managing Health Risks - Each health risk factor managed reduces the risk of premature death by 13%, cancer-related premature death by 12%, and cardiovascular disease-related premature death by 21% [4] - Managing seven or more health risk factors can lower the risk of premature death by 40%, cancer-related premature death by 39%, and cardiovascular disease-related premature death by 53% [4] Group 3: Importance of Comprehensive Care - The findings highlight the importance of personalized and multifaceted care, suggesting that treatment for hypertension should not solely focus on blood pressure control but also address broader health issues [4] - This research is noted as the first to explore the relationship between managing key health risk factors and premature death in hypertensive patients [4]

Core Insights - The research conducted by Professor Qin Chuan's team at Huazhong University of Science and Technology reveals the pathogenic mechanism by which atherosclerosis exacerbates white matter injury and cognitive dysfunction, providing new perspectives for the prevention and treatment of vascular cognitive impairment in atherosclerotic populations [1][4] Group 1: Research Findings - The study highlights the increasing prevalence of vascular dementia, which is the second most common type of dementia after Alzheimer's disease, particularly as the global population ages [1] - Atherosclerosis is linked to vascular dementia, but the underlying pathological mechanisms connecting atherosclerosis to white matter injury and cognitive dysfunction have not been clearly defined, posing significant challenges for prevention and treatment [1] - The research utilized various techniques, including public databases, atherosclerosis patient cohorts, single-cell sequencing, and multi-omics analysis, to discover the heterogeneity of circulating exosomes in atherosclerosis [1] Group 2: Mechanisms and Implications - The identified exosomes can transmit oxidative stress and metabolic defects to microglial cells in the central nervous system, thereby exacerbating ischemic white matter injury and cognitive dysfunction, revealing a novel pathophysiological mechanism [1] - The study provides potential targets for risk warning and comorbidity treatment in patients with atherosclerosis-related vascular cognitive impairment [4] - Assessing the levels of peripheral blood exosomal miR-101-3p in atherosclerosis patients may predict the progression of atherosclerotic plaques and the risk of vascular cognitive impairment [4] - Targeting Nrf2 with clinical drug interventions may offer a new therapeutic approach for treating atherosclerosis combined with vascular cognitive impairment [4]

Core Viewpoint - The case of Dr. Dong, a medical resident involved in a controversy at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital, raises questions about the medical education model in China and the integrity of academic research in the medical field [1][7][8] Group 1: Medical Education Model - The Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) initiated a new eight-year (4+4) medical education pilot program in 2018, aimed at attracting non-medical graduates to pursue medical careers [2] - This program allows students who may not have initially considered a medical career to transition into the field, as exemplified by Dr. Dong's shift from economics to medicine [2][6] - The curriculum includes a restructured approach to basic medical education, integrating clinical practice with core courses from the second year onward [6] Group 2: Academic Achievements - Dr. Dong has co-authored 11 interdisciplinary papers within three years, with a significant number published before her graduation [3][6] - Her research spans various fields, including orthopedics, urology, and materials science, showcasing a broad academic involvement [3][5] - Notably, Dr. Dong contributed to three parts of a clinical practice guideline on bladder cancer, indicating her active role in significant research projects [4][5] Group 3: Concerns and Criticism - The rapid production of academic papers by Dr. Dong has led to skepticism regarding the stability and integrity of research participation among medical trainees [7] - Experts have raised concerns about the appropriateness of including medical residents in research projects outside their specialty, suggesting potential academic misconduct [7][8] - The case highlights the need for maintaining academic standards and ethical practices in medical education and research, emphasizing the importance of rigorous oversight [8]

编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 2021 年，细菌的 抗微⽣物药物耐药性 （ AMR ） 导致了全球约 114 万例死亡，其中中低收⼊国家受到的影 响最为严重。这个数字预计到 2050 年会增加⾄近 200 万。 然⽽，⼤部分的 AMR 应对策略都关注过量使⽤抗⽣素问题，很少关注⽓候变化的背景以及社会经济条件。 2025 年 4 ⽉ 28 ⽇，中⼭⼤学公共卫⽣学院 杨廉平 团队在 Nature Medicine 期刊发表了题为： Changing climate and socioeconomic factors contribute to global antimicrobial resistance 的研究论⽂。 该研究指出，当前的⽓候变化路径以及未能实现可持续发展战略，可能会导致到 2050 年抗微⽣物药物耐药 性 （ AMR ） 的全球负担加重。研究团队预计，到 2050 年，全球 AMR 可能会增加最多 2.4% ，并呼吁在 单纯减少抗⽣素使⽤之外，⽴即采取⾏动应对更⼴泛的社会经济和环境因素，从⽽缓解全球 AMR 负担。 分析结果显⽰，在最坏的⽓候变化适应情景下，即本世纪末全球⽓温升⾼ 4 – 5 ℃ ...

资料图 庆应义塾大学和华盛顿大学的研究团队分析日本人过去30年健康状况而得出，2015~2021年最多的死因 是痴呆症。由于医疗技术的提高等原因，脑卒中和肺癌导致的死亡减少，日本人的平均寿命延长了5.8 年…… 日本庆应义塾大学和美国华盛顿大学的研究团队3月21日发表了分析日本人过去30年健康状况而得出的 研究成果，2015~2021年最多的死因是痴呆症。由于医疗技术的提高等原因，脑卒中和肺癌导致的死亡 减少，日本人的平均寿命延长了5.8年。虽然能够健康活动的"健康寿命"也有所延长，但与平均寿命的 差距有所扩大。 | 順位 | 1990年 | 2005年 | 2021年 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | 脑卒中 | 脑卒中 | 阿尔茨海默病和 其他痴呆症 | | N | 缺血性心脏病 | 缺血性心脏病 | 脑卒中 | | 3 | 下呼吸道感染 | 下呼吸道感染 | 缺血性心脏病 | | 4 | 胃癌 | 阿尔茨海默病和 其他痴呆症 | 肺癌 | | 5 | 肺癌 | 肺癌 | 下呼吸道感染 | | 6 | 阿尔茨海默病和 其他痴呆症 | 胃癌 | 结肠和直肠癌 | | T | ...