攻克制冷材料领域三大核心挑战 在本项研究中，科研团队在实验中发现，硫氰酸铵溶液在压力变化下表现出惊人的热效应：加压时 盐析出并放热，卸压后盐迅速溶解并强力吸热，室温下溶液温度可在20秒内骤降近30°C；在高温环境 下降温幅度更高，远超已知固态相变材料性能。这一现象被命名为"溶解压卡效应"。 中国科学家团队最近在世界上首次发现"溶解压卡效应"，基于该效应一举打破了长期以来困扰制冷 材料领域的"低碳-大冷量-高换热"不可能三角关系，并设计出一套高效的四步循环系统，有望推动制冷 行业迎来一场绿色革命。 这项为下一代绿色制冷技术开辟全新路径的重大突破，由中国科学院金属研究所李昺研究员团队与 合作者共同完成，相关成果论文北京时间1月22日凌晨在国际学术期刊《自然》上线发表。 应对气候变化与节能减排需求 论文共同通讯作者李昺研究员指出，制冷技术是现代社会的基石，目前广泛使用的气体压缩制冷技 术虽贡献了中国约2%的国内生产总值（GDP），却也消耗了近20%的电力，并产生了7.8%的碳排放。 为应对气候变化与节能减排需求，中国科学院金属研究所科研团队近年来着力开发固态相变制冷材 料，这类材料通过压力或磁场变化实现吸放热，避免 ...

转自：中国科学报 在全球气候变暖危机日益严峻、制冷需求持续攀升的当下，传统冷冻技术因其高能耗与高排放问题，成 为可持续发展道路上的"绊脚石"。日前，《自然》在线发表了香港科技大学机械及航空航天工程学系讲 座教授孙庆平团队最新成果：他们成功研发出全球首台能够达到零下摄氏度的绿色弹卡冷冻装置，实现 了低至-12℃的制冷效果。 "这一突破标志着绿色弹卡冷冻技术的应用范围，成功从室内空调制冷扩展至要求更严苛的全球冷冻 业。"论文通讯作者孙庆平对《中国科学报》表示，该"冰柜"完全无需传统制冷剂的零排放创新技术， 为冷冻业的绿色低碳转型提供了切实可行的"中国方案"，为全球应对气候变化贡献了关键科技力量。 直面冷冻业"脱碳"难题 论文第一作者、香港科技大学机械及航空航天工程学系研究助理教授周国安介绍，团队的此次"破冰"， 体现在材料、传热流体及制冷结构的精心设计上。在材料选择方面，团队选用高镍含量（51.2 at%）的 二元镍钛合金，并通过成分调控将奥氏体结束温度降至-20.8℃。这种合金在低至-20℃的环境下，依然 能够展现出优异的超弹性和显著的相变潜热，其绝热温变峰值在0℃时可达16.3℃，有效工作温窗宽达 48.5℃ ...

Core Insights - The article discusses the increasing presence of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in various environmental samples, including rainwater, lakes, rivers, and even human blood and urine, indicating a global trend of rising TFA concentrations [1][2][3]. Group 1: Environmental Impact - TFA levels in the leaves and needles of various tree species in Germany have increased by 5 to 10 times over the past 40 years [2]. - TFA is classified as a "forever chemical" due to its strong carbon-fluorine bonds, which make it resistant to natural degradation [3]. - The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) has assessed TFA's risk since 1998, concluding that its current risk is minimal, at least until 2100, although this assessment may be re-evaluated in 2024 [7][10]. Group 2: Regulatory Actions - Germany has proposed to classify TFA as a reproductive toxin and a highly stable substance, with public consultations ending on July 25, 2024 [10]. - European environmental scientists have expressed concerns that rising TFA levels could pose irreversible harm and have called for a broad ban on all PFAS, including TFA [11]. - Some countries, including Denmark and Minnesota, have begun to take action against pesticides that generate TFA, with Denmark announcing a ban on such pesticides by July 2025 [57]. Group 3: Sources of TFA - TFA enters the environment through various pathways, including the use of TFA in biological research and its release from industrial processes in agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and precision chemicals [15][16]. - The primary source of TFA in rainwater is attributed to the release of fluorinated gases, such as refrigerants, which can decompose and produce TFA [17][20]. - Research indicates that TFA may also be naturally generated in the ocean, with estimates suggesting that oceanic TFA could range from 60 million to 200 million tons [25][26]. Group 4: Health Concerns - Current studies suggest that TFA does not exhibit acute toxicity, with some researchers comparing its toxicity to that of table salt [39]. - However, there is growing evidence that TFA may have biological effects, including lowering lipid and cholesterol levels in mice [41]. - Concerns have been raised about TFA's potential impact on ecosystems, with studies indicating that TFA can accumulate in plants and affect soil pH levels [44][50]. Group 5: Future Directions - Researchers agree that more long-term toxicological data on TFA is needed to understand its effects fully and to identify all sources of TFA [52]. - The introduction of new fluorinated gases, such as HFOs, may lead to increased TFA production, prompting calls for the rapid phase-out of these substances [54][56]. - Ongoing debates among researchers and regulatory bodies highlight the urgency of addressing TFA emissions and their potential environmental and health impacts [59].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles highlights the challenges faced by import and export enterprises due to exchange rate fluctuations, rising raw material prices, and liquidity shortages, and how MinTai Bank's strategies support these businesses in navigating these difficulties [1] - MinTai Bank's dual strategy of "stabilizing the supply chain and enhancing efficiency" is effectively implemented to provide timely financial support to foreign trade enterprises in Quzhou [1][7] - The success story of Zhejiang Jinze Refrigeration Co., Ltd. illustrates how a former worker transitioned to a business owner, aided by MinTai Bank's financial services, showcasing the growth of foreign trade enterprises in Quzhou [2][3] Group 2 - The article details the entrepreneurial journey of Wen Liuqing, who identified a market opportunity in Africa for refrigerants, leading to the establishment of his foreign trade business [3] - The sudden increase in raw material prices posed a significant challenge for Jinze Refrigeration, which faced a liquidity crisis despite having orders [3][4] - MinTai Bank responded quickly to Jinze Refrigeration's needs by providing a 5 million yuan credit line with a low interest rate of 2.5%, enabling the company to confidently accept larger orders [4][6] Group 3 - Dongju Kang Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. also benefited from MinTai Bank's support, overcoming challenges related to raw material shortages and currency fluctuations, which affected their profitability [5][6] - The bank's proactive approach included forming a specialized financial service team to address the urgent needs of Dongju Kang, resulting in a 5 million yuan credit approval within three days [6] - With the financial support, Dongju Kang expanded its production capabilities and improved product quality, positioning itself as a high-end custom manufacturer in the market [6][7] Group 4 - MinTai Bank's president emphasized the importance of financial support for foreign trade enterprises to overcome challenges and achieve high-quality development [7] - The bank has issued loans totaling 27.5 million yuan to 10 foreign trade enterprises in Quzhou this year, demonstrating its commitment to supporting local economic growth [7] - The bank aims to continue optimizing its services and increasing support for foreign trade enterprises, contributing to the sustainable development of the regional economy [7]

Core Insights - The "Tax-Bank Interaction" project in Jiangsu Province has issued over 1.6 trillion yuan in loans since its launch in 2015, benefiting more than 2.1 million enterprises and significantly contributing to the province's high-quality economic development [1][2] - The project has established deep cooperation with 58 banks, launching 82 credit products that convert tax credit into financing benefits through data sharing and service innovation [1] - The efficiency of loan applications has improved by 50% due to the online submission of tax credit information, as demonstrated by Jiangsu Yisite Refrigeration Co., which secured a 30 million yuan loan [1] Group 1 - Jiangsu Province's tax authorities have implemented the "Tax-Bank Interaction" project, which has provided substantial financial support to enterprises [1] - The project has facilitated the transformation of tax credit into tangible financing advantages, enhancing the overall efficiency of loan processes [1] - Companies like Danyang Tongya New Materials Co. have utilized loans to upgrade production lines, resulting in a 15% increase in production efficiency and a 4% improvement in product quality [1] Group 2 - The initiative also supports enterprises with credit repair, allowing them to regain financing capabilities, as seen with Nantong Wujian Holding Group, which received a 30 million yuan loan after restoring its tax credit [2] - The Jiangsu Provincial Taxation Bureau aims to deepen the application of the "Tax-Bank Interaction" project, enhancing the value of tax credit and enabling more enterprises to benefit from credit-based financing [2]