每经记者｜林姿辰 每经编辑｜张海妮 陈忠华： "异种移植研究的唯一动力是器官短缺。" "在器官捐献初级阶段，我们面临的主要挑战是建立法治框架下的器官捐献体系和倡导公民逝世后自愿无偿器官捐献。" "在不远的将来，产业化医用器官，包括异种器官和人工器官，必将成为除人体捐献器官以外的源源不断的补充性来源。我满怀信心地迎接这个新时代的到 来。" 移植猪器官后"会不会变成猪"？不可能！ 种牛痘是英国医生爱德华·琴纳于18世纪末发明的天花预防方法，通过接种牛痘病毒使人体获得对天花的免疫力。当时很多人怀疑接种了牛痘以后是不是会 变成牛。于是漫画家就非常生动形象地画出了当时人们的担忧：身上长出牛头、牛角之类的特征。 图片来源：受访者提供 猪器官在活体人体内存活时间最长的案例已诞生。 当地时间9月8日，据《自然》新闻（Nature News）报道，67岁的美国男子蒂姆·安德鲁斯（Tim Andrews）在接受基因编辑猪肾脏移植后，已存活接近8个 月。就在两周前，中国研究团队刚在国际学术期刊《自然·医学》（Nature Medicine）在线发表论文，报告了世界首例将基因编辑猪肺移植到脑死亡人体内的 成功案例。 陈忠华是论文的共 ...

Core Insights - The successful transplantation of gene-edited pig lungs into a human patient marks a significant milestone in the field of xenotransplantation, addressing the critical shortage of human lung donors [1][2][3] - The research demonstrates the feasibility of using genetically modified pig organs, specifically lungs, to potentially alleviate the organ shortage crisis faced by terminally ill patients [1][9] Group 1: Research Breakthrough - The study published in *Nature Medicine* details the process of transplanting a genetically edited left lung from a Chinese Bama pig into a 39-year-old male patient who was brain dead, with the lung surviving for 9 days [3][2] - The total cold ischemia time from organ retrieval to re-infusion was 206 minutes, and the lung maintained vitality and function without signs of hyperacute rejection during the monitoring period [3][4] Group 2: Challenges and Future Directions - Despite the successful initial results, significant challenges remain, including immune rejection, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and the need for optimized immunosuppressive protocols [5][6][7] - The research team aims to enhance gene editing strategies and anti-rejection treatments to prolong the survival and functionality of transplanted organs, with plans to apply their self-developed non-invasive techniques to reduce lung damage during mechanical ventilation [7][9] Group 3: Market and Clinical Implications - The current organ supply-demand ratio in China is approximately 1:8, highlighting the urgent need for alternative organ sources like xenotransplantation [9][14] - The potential for pig lungs to serve as a viable alternative for human lung transplants could significantly impact the organ transplant landscape, especially given the historical challenges associated with lung transplants [4][5] Group 4: Technological Advancements - The use of gene editing to modify pig organs aims to reduce immunogenicity, making them more compatible for human transplantation [5][15] - Companies like Zhongke Aoge and Dashuo Group are at the forefront of developing genetically modified pigs, with ongoing research into various organ types, including kidneys and livers, to facilitate clinical trials [18][17]

Core Insights - The successful transplantation of genetically edited pig lungs into a human patient marks a significant milestone in the field of xenotransplantation, addressing the critical shortage of human lung donors [2][4][10] - The research indicates that the genetically modified pig lung can survive and function for 9 days in a human body, demonstrating the potential for clinical applications in the future [5][8] Group 1: Research Breakthrough - The study published in "Nature Medicine" details the process of transplanting a genetically edited pig lung into a 39-year-old male patient who was brain dead, with a total cold ischemia time of 206 minutes [4][5] - This is the first successful case of pig lung transplantation into a human, which is considered a major advancement in the scientific community [4][7] Group 2: Challenges and Future Directions - Despite the success, significant challenges remain, including immune rejection and the need for optimized immunosuppressive protocols [5][6][15] - The research team aims to enhance gene editing strategies and anti-rejection treatments to prolong the survival and functionality of transplanted organs [8][19] Group 3: Industry Context - The demand for transplantable organs far exceeds supply, with a projected donor-to-recipient ratio of 1:8 in China by 2024, highlighting the urgency for alternative sources like xenotransplantation [10][15] - The use of genetically modified pigs is seen as a promising solution to the organ shortage, as their organs are similar in size to human organs and can be produced without the same limitations as human donors [10][17] Group 4: Technological Advancements - The genetic editing technology used to create the donor pigs is at the forefront of scientific innovation, allowing for the removal of genes that trigger strong immune responses in humans [6][17] - Companies like Zhongke Aoge and Dashuo Group are leading efforts in developing these genetically modified pigs, contributing to China's position in the global xenotransplantation landscape [18][19]