（来源：唐山劳动日报） 新华社赫尔辛基1月10日电 （记者朱昊晨、徐谦）芬兰气象研究所牵头的一项国际研究显示，近几十年 来北极地区多类极端天气事件显著增多，不少区域出现新发极端天气事件，表明北极陆地生态系统正日 益暴露于以往未曾经历的气候条件之下，可能对当地自然环境产生深远影响。 此外，研究还识别出北极地区季节性条件与极端天气事件变化均较为显著的"热点"区域主要分布在斯堪 的纳维亚半岛西部、加拿大北极群岛和西伯利亚中部。 芬兰气象研究所日前发布的新闻公报说，研究团队系统考察并梳理了北极地区跨越70余年的多种"生物 气候变量"长期变化，重点关注新发极端天气事件。所谓生物气候，是指与生物体生存繁衍密切相关的 气候条件。 研究结果显示，北极升温速度约为全球平均水平的三到四倍。在平均气温上升背景下，热浪延长、生长 季霜冻、冬季异常偏暖以及"雪面降雨"等极端现象，在北极陆地区域的发生频率和强度总体呈上升趋 势。 研究还发现，北极许多地区出现了一些新发极端天气事件，其中"雪面降雨"就是一个典型例子。"雪面 降雨"指在雪季本应降雪时出现降雨并落在积雪上。受该极端天气事件影响的区域范围已覆盖超过北极 陆地面积的10%。 研究 ...

Core Insights - The first marine research institute of the Ministry of Natural Resources of China unveiled a third-generation typhoon model based on the original "wave-induced turbulence" theory at the 30th UN Climate Change Conference, marking a significant breakthrough in marine disaster prevention and mitigation technology [1][2] - Typhoons affect over 1 billion people globally each year, causing severe threats to life, property, and economic development, with projected economic losses of approximately $133 billion in 2024, accounting for over 40% of total global natural disaster losses [1] - The new model significantly improves the forecasting accuracy of rapid typhoon intensification, with hit rates increasing from about 50% to over 90%, surpassing the ten-year development goals set by the U.S. Meteorological Act in 2017 [2] Group 1 - The "wave-induced turbulence" theory provides a new understanding of the energy and momentum exchange at the air-sea interface, addressing a long-standing challenge in typhoon intensity forecasting [2] - The third-generation typhoon model developed by the marine research institute and international collaborators transitions from an "empirical correction" approach to a "mechanistic characterization and process simulation" approach [2] - The model has also reduced common systematic errors in ocean and climate models, laying a crucial foundation for enhancing medium- to long-term ocean and climate prediction capabilities [2] Group 2 - The marine research institute, in collaboration with the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and the World Meteorological Organization, organized a special session at the climate conference to showcase the advancements in typhoon forecasting capabilities [3] - Experts at the conference recognized the third-generation typhoon model as a novel solution to the long-standing issue of typhoon intensity forecasting, providing reliable technological support for coastal regions to better prepare for extreme typhoons and reduce disaster risks [3]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the immersive experience of wind simulation at the Jiangsu Meteorological Calibration Wind Tunnel Laboratory, showcasing its capabilities to accurately simulate various wind forces from typhoons to strong convection [1] Group 1: Wind Tunnel Laboratory - The laboratory features two wind tunnels, one at 40 meters and another at 70 meters, designed to create wind conditions for precise testing [1] - These wind tunnels support calibration of wind cups and other precision testing, demonstrating advanced meteorological research capabilities [1] Group 2: Experiential Learning - Journalists experienced wind forces ranging from level 5 to level 8, providing a hands-on understanding of different wind conditions [1] - The immersive experience aims to enhance public awareness and appreciation of meteorological phenomena [1]

Core Insights - Recent research indicates that waste heat emitted from air conditioning systems may significantly enhance the intensity of urban summer rainstorms, presenting new challenges for extreme weather management and urban planning [1][2] Group 1: Research Findings - The study conducted by a team from Nankai University utilized high-precision meteorological models to explore the impact of air conditioning waste heat on short-duration heavy rainfall, particularly in the densely populated coastal region of Shenzhen-Hong Kong [1] - Findings revealed that in scenarios with air conditioning usage, the peak intensity of short-duration heavy rainfall in Shenzhen increased by approximately 22%, while Hong Kong experienced a 3% increase [1] - The enhancement of rainfall was particularly pronounced in high-density, high-rise building areas, attributed to the increase in surface temperature and the exacerbation of the urban heat island effect caused by waste heat [1] Group 2: Implications and Recommendations - With global warming leading to more frequent air conditioning use, urban short-duration rainstorms are likely to become more common and severe [2] - The research team recommends improving the energy efficiency of air conditioning systems to reduce waste heat emissions and incorporating green infrastructure in urban planning, such as increasing urban greenery and using cooling pavement materials to mitigate the urban heat island effect [2] - This study provides important references for urban climate adaptation and infrastructure planning, particularly in high-density and rapidly urbanizing areas, emphasizing the need for effective management of air conditioning waste heat to ensure sustainable urban development [2]