清晨6点，滇东高原天色未亮，在云南省红河州弥勒市太平街道丫普龙村的杨梅山，山顶体感温度不足10摄氏度，一场冷雨即将到来，这 里的中国气象局弥勒云贵准静止锋野外科学试验基地已亮起灯光。 1946年，气象学家张丙辰首次提出"昆明准静止锋"概念，为后续研究奠定了基础，但后续很长一段时间内，我国对云贵准静止锋的研究多 源于少数学者的自发探索。 2021年，依托国内首个聚焦云贵准静止锋研究的科学试验基地，即现在的中国气象局弥勒云贵准静止锋野外科学试验基地，陈艳和张涛分 别带领的云贵准静止锋机理与预报技术研究团队、云南省观测产品开发与应用创新团队正式组建，对云贵准静止锋有组织的观测与机理研究由 此展开。 2025年1月14日，位于云南省弥勒市的中国气象局弥勒云贵准静止锋野外科学试验基地。（杨阳 摄） 4年多来，两支团队围绕云贵准静止锋持续开展攻关研究，扎根高原锋区推进系列野外观测试验，无人机、新型地基遥感设备等先进气象 装备轮番上阵，一组组珍贵的观测数据经记录、质控和订正后，形成了高质量的研究数据集。同时，他们面向业务核心需求开展科研攻关，研 发了锋面客观判别方法、多模式评估订正及基于AI的气温智能预报等关键技术。 "走 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the significance of the Yunnan Meteorological Bureau's research on the quasi-stationary front in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, emphasizing its impact on weather forecasting and the advancements made in observational technology and data accuracy [4][7]. Group 1: Research and Observational Advances - The Yunnan Meteorological Bureau has established a scientific research base focused on the quasi-stationary front, which has been operational since 2021, leading to organized observations and mechanism studies [4]. - Advanced meteorological equipment, including drones and new ground-based remote sensing devices, have been utilized to collect high-quality observational data, enhancing the understanding of the quasi-stationary front [7]. - The research teams have developed key technologies such as objective identification methods for the front, multi-modal evaluation corrections, and AI-based temperature forecasting, which have improved the accuracy of weather predictions [7]. Group 2: Impact on Weather Forecasting - The accuracy of weather forecasts in regions affected by the quasi-stationary front in Yunnan has improved by over 10% from 2021 to 2025, demonstrating the effectiveness of the research efforts [7]. - Local communities have benefited from timely weather warnings, allowing for proactive measures to be taken, such as evacuations before severe weather events, which were previously reactive [8]. - Farmers have adapted their practices based on improved forecasts, reducing the negative impact of sudden weather changes on their crops, indicating a positive shift in agricultural resilience [8].

Core Viewpoint - The cloud and plateau quasi-stationary front research is crucial for improving weather forecasting accuracy in Southwest China and addressing severe weather challenges such as low-temperature rain and snow, as well as strong convective weather [2][12]. Group 1: Experiment Overview - The cloud and plateau quasi-stationary front airborne comprehensive observation experiment was conducted from January 15 to March 1 at the Yunnan Meteorological Bureau's experimental base in Mile City, Yunnan Province [1]. - The experiment utilized self-developed high-altitude drone systems and ground-based remote sensing vertical observation equipment to collect meteorological data at various heights and locations of the front [1][5]. - The base has established a comprehensive observation system combining "point-line-surface" to study the fine structure characteristics and evolution of the quasi-stationary front [5][12]. Group 2: Research Significance - The research on the quasi-stationary front is expected to enhance the understanding of its vertical structure and movement patterns, particularly during the winter when its activity is most pronounced [5][10]. - The findings from this research have been integrated into Yunnan's intelligent forecasting platform, contributing to the "1262" refined forecasting and emergency response mechanism [7][12]. - The experiment aims to provide data support for improving monitoring and forecasting capabilities for severe weather in the region [12]. Group 3: Future Directions - The research team plans to expand the experiment's scope by deploying ground-based remote sensing vertical observation equipment in five key areas affected by the quasi-stationary front [10]. - There is an emphasis on collaboration with experts and scholars to enhance observation experiments, mechanism research, and forecasting technology development [10][12].

Group 1: La Niña Phenomenon - The La Niña phenomenon refers to the significant and sustained cooling of sea surface temperatures in the eastern and central equatorial Pacific Ocean, with China entering a La Niña state in October this year [1] - La Niña state does not equate to a La Niña event; a La Niña event is defined by the NINO 3.4 index remaining below -0.5 degrees Celsius for five consecutive months [2] - The probability of a double La Niña event occurring this winter is low, despite the ongoing La Niña state having some impact on China's climate [2] Group 2: Impact on Weather Patterns - La Niña directly influences weather by generating a cyclonic circulation anomaly over the Northwest Pacific and South China Sea, leading to prevailing northeast winds that suppress moisture transport to eastern and southern China, potentially causing drought conditions [4] - The expected winter conditions in regions like East and South China may lead to prolonged dry spells, particularly in the winter-spring period [4] Group 3: Freezing Rain and Its Effects - Freezing rain is a hazardous winter weather phenomenon where liquid rain freezes upon contact with surfaces below 0 degrees Celsius, posing risks to transportation, power supply, and daily life [5] - The formation of freezing rain requires two key conditions: sufficiently low temperatures (between -8 to 0 degrees Celsius near the ground) and the presence of precipitation [7] - Freezing rain can lead to the formation of ice layers on power lines and trees, increasing the risk of power outages and damage to vegetation [10] Group 4: Regional Analysis of Freezing Rain - Guizhou province experiences the highest frequency of freezing rain in China, with the winter months from December to February being the peak period for such weather [13] - This winter, the probability of widespread freezing rain in Guizhou is expected to be lower than usual, with average temperatures projected at 7.1 degrees Celsius [15] - The distribution of freezing rain in Guizhou shows a pattern where western regions experience more occurrences due to higher altitudes and stable weather systems [16][18]

Group 1: La Niña Phenomenon - The La Niña phenomenon refers to the significant and sustained cooling of sea surface temperatures in the eastern and central equatorial Pacific Ocean, with China entering a La Niña state in October this year [1] - A La Niña state does not equate to a La Niña event; a La Niña event is recognized only when the NINO 3.4 index remains below -0.5 degrees Celsius for five consecutive months [1] - The probability of a double La Niña event occurring this winter is low, despite the ongoing La Niña state having some impact on China's climate [1] Group 2: Impact on Weather Patterns - La Niña directly influences weather by generating a cyclonic circulation anomaly over the Northwest Pacific and South China Sea, leading to prevailing northeast winds that suppress moisture transport to eastern and southern China [2] - This suppression may result in below-average precipitation in regions such as East and South China, with predictions indicating potential winter-spring droughts in these areas [2] Group 3: Freezing Rain and Its Effects - Freezing rain is a hazardous winter weather phenomenon where liquid rain freezes upon contact with surfaces below 0 degrees Celsius, creating ice that poses risks to transportation, power supply, and daily life [3] - The formation of freezing rain requires two key conditions: sufficiently low temperatures near the ground and the presence of precipitation, typically occurring when a warm layer exists above freezing temperatures [5] - Freezing rain can lead to significant hazards, including power line breakage and damage to vegetation, with rain ice (凇) being more destructive than fog ice (雾凇) due to its weight [7] Group 4: Regional Analysis of Freezing Rain - Guizhou Province experiences the highest frequency of freezing rain in China, with the peak season from December to February, although this winter's probability of widespread freezing rain is relatively low [10] - The average temperature in Guizhou is expected to be 7.1 degrees Celsius this winter, with a lighter incidence of freezing disasters compared to historical averages [10] - The distribution of freezing rain in Guizhou is influenced by its unique topography and stable weather systems, with higher occurrences in the western and central regions due to lower temperatures at higher altitudes [11]