Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the correlation between urban work hours and the occurrence of heavy rainfall, particularly during the summer months in China, highlighting how urbanization and human activities exacerbate this phenomenon [6][10][15]. Group 1: Rainfall Patterns and Timing - Statistical data from the China Meteorological Administration indicates that the peak intensity of summer rainfall in China occurs between 5 PM and 8 PM, coinciding with the end of the workday for many employees [6][12]. - Regions such as South China, Northeast China, North China, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River experience the highest rainfall during this time, particularly short-duration heavy rain lasting 1-3 hours [6][9]. Group 2: Urban Heat Island Effect - The urban heat island effect contributes to higher temperatures in cities, which in turn increases the likelihood of heavy rainfall during the evening hours due to the accumulation of heat and humidity [10][14]. - The presence of large buildings in urban areas retains heat, creating a "thermal blanket" effect that raises local temperatures significantly above surrounding areas [10][14]. Group 3: Impact of Urbanization - Rapid urbanization has led to a doubling of extreme hourly rainfall rates in regions like the Pearl River Delta since 1994, compared to the period before urbanization began [13][16]. - The frequency of extreme rainfall events has increased in urban areas compared to surrounding rural regions, indicating a direct correlation between urbanization levels and rainfall intensity [13][18]. Group 4: Human Activities and Pollution - Human activities during weekdays, such as increased vehicular traffic and industrial operations, intensify the urban heat island effect and contribute to higher pollution levels, which are linked to increased thunderstorm activity [15][19]. - Air pollution can alter rainfall patterns by affecting cloud formation and precipitation processes, leading to more intense and severe thunderstorms [16][19].

山东省气象台于8月19日06时00分继续发布高温黄色预警： 受副热带高压影响，预计19—23日我省内陆地区将出现35℃以上的高温天气。19日，聊城、德州东部、滨州南部、东营南部、济南、淄博、潍坊、泰安、 菏泽、济宁、枣庄、临沂、日照和青岛北部35～37℃，其他地区30～34℃。20—22日，内陆地区35～39℃，局部可达40℃，沿海地区30～34℃。23日高温 范围减小，鲁南和鲁中地区35～39℃，其他地区30～34℃。 19日白天到夜间 北部沿海地区天气阴有雷雨或阵雨局部大雨，其他地区天气晴间多云。南风，半岛地区4级阵风5～6级，其他地区3～4级，雷雨地区雷雨时阵风7～9级。 夜间最低气温：全省一般在27℃左右。最高气温：聊城、德州东部、滨州南部、东营南部、济南、淄博、潍坊、泰安、菏泽、济宁、枣庄、临沂、日照和 青岛北部35～37℃，其他地区30～34℃。 20日白天到夜间 北部沿海地区天气阴有雷雨或阵雨局部大雨转多云，其他地区天气晴间多云。南风，半岛地区4级阵风5～6级，其他地区3～4级，雷雨地区雷雨时阵风7～ 9级。夜间最低气温：菏泽、济宁和鲁西北地区28℃左右，其他地区26℃左右。最高气温：内陆地区3 ...

Group 1 - The article discusses the varying perceptions of rainfall despite identical measurements, emphasizing that the impact of rainfall is closely related to its intensity and duration [1][2] - It explains that a rainfall amount of 70 millimeters can have drastically different effects depending on whether it falls in a short period or is spread out over a longer duration, with urban drainage systems playing a critical role in managing excess water [1][3] - The article highlights that regional climate differences affect how rainfall is perceived, with the same amount of rain being considered extreme in one area but normal in another, illustrating the subjective nature of weather events [2][3] Group 2 - The article notes that geographical factors, such as soil type and urban infrastructure, significantly influence the consequences of rainfall, with areas prone to flooding or landslides being particularly vulnerable [3] - It mentions that global warming is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events, necessitating adaptive strategies for disaster prevention and mitigation [3]

最近不少城市遭遇"洗礼"，打工人上班路上迎头就是一泡，下班路上淅淅沥沥沾一身。 始作俑者是无差别攻击所有人的——蝉，美其名曰夏日的妙音精灵，低情商说法则为忘情了发狠了只管尿和嚎。 "这年头，蝉也能被网暴"，北方网友围观着南方人对蝉的深恶痛绝，嚼着嘴里的蝉·满汉全席。 @Andy全球 的确，没有一只蝉能走出山东的饭桌，上海的"蝉系雷鸣暴雨"里也没有一只蝉是无辜的。 作为今年夏天的顶流动物，蝉的存在感比肩烈日和热浪，被戏称为"夏天具象化的体现"。 今年夏天高温席卷北方各地，北京切换成了"蒸烤一体机"模式，这样的歹毒天气下，很多人在吐槽蝉鸣更刺耳了。 这种刺耳不是"心情不爽时一切杂音都加倍闹心"，而是蝉真的在变吵闹。 这一变化与天气有着强烈的相关性，蝉和人一样"承受"着天气的变动，就像人在炎热环境中出汗会增加。 "蝉尿""蝉宴"让大家把目光聚焦到蝉身上，以及蝉所处于的环境——为什么会出现蝉大爆发的现象？诱发因素有哪些？与日常工作学习无关的知识牵引出 男女老少的好奇心和求知欲。 随着信息差逐渐被攻破，生物课本里"地球是个牵一发而动全身的生态系统"这句判词的含金量还在上升。 蝉鸣扰人又着实美味，南北方人跟蝉刚上了 这大 ...

"空调的热排放就像在城市地表放置了'小型热气球'，推动湿润空气快速上升，进而形成更多、更强的 局地暴雨。"黄津辉比喻说。 随着全球变暖，空调使用将更加频繁，这意味着城市的短时暴雨可能会更加频繁和剧烈。研究团队建议 从两方面应对：一方面需要提高空调设备的能效，减少废热排放;另一方面，在城市规划中，应更多地 考虑绿色基础设施，比如增加城市绿化、使用冷却路面材料等，以降低城市热岛效应，从而减轻空调废 热带来的负面影响。 近日，北京多地遭遇短时强降雨(俗称"城市暴雨")。记者从南开大学获悉，该校黄津辉教授团队的最新 研究指出，空调排放的废热可能显著增强城市夏季暴雨强度，这一发现为极端天气治理和城市规划提出 了新挑战。相关研究成果发表在《大气研究》上。 研究发现，空调在制冷过程中产生的大量废热排放到室外后，会显著改变城市天气模式。研究团队以深 圳—香港这一全球人口最密集、能源消耗最密集的沿海区域为例，利用高精度的气象模型，深入探索了 空调废热对夏季短时强降雨的影响。 研究结果显示：在开启空调的情景下，深圳城市地区的短时强降雨峰值强度平均提升约22%，香港则提 升约3%。具体而言，高密度高层建筑区域的降雨增强尤为明显。 ...

Core Viewpoint - The research conducted by Professor Huang Jinhui's team at Nankai University reveals that the waste heat generated by air conditioning during cooling processes significantly alters urban weather patterns, potentially intensifying summer rainstorms in cities. This finding presents new challenges for extreme weather management and urban planning [1][2]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study focuses on the densely populated and energy-intensive coastal region of Shenzhen-Hong Kong, utilizing high-precision meteorological models to explore the impact of air conditioning waste heat on short-duration heavy rainfall [1]. - The results indicate that in scenarios where air conditioning is used, the peak intensity of short-duration heavy rainfall in Shenzhen increases by approximately 22%, while in Hong Kong, it rises by about 3%. The enhancement of rainfall is particularly pronounced in high-density, high-rise building areas [1]. Group 2: Mechanism of Impact - Air conditioning waste heat primarily increases the sensible heat flux at the urban surface, significantly raising urban surface temperatures and exacerbating the urban heat island effect. This additional heat causes air to rise more vigorously, making moisture in the urban atmosphere more likely to reach condensation height, thereby triggering or intensifying convective rainfall [1]. Group 3: Recommendations and Implications - In response to the rising frequency and intensity of short-duration rainstorms due to increased air conditioning usage amid global warming, the research team suggests two approaches: improving the energy efficiency of air conditioning units to reduce waste heat emissions and incorporating more green infrastructure in urban planning, such as increasing urban greenery and using cooling pavement materials to mitigate the urban heat island effect [2]. - This research provides important references for urban climate adaptation and infrastructure planning, particularly in high-density and rapidly urbanizing areas, highlighting the need for effective management and mitigation of the negative impacts of air conditioning waste heat for sustainable urban development [2].

Core Points - The global climate is experiencing unprecedented heat waves, with June 2023 recorded as the third hottest since 1940, and Arctic sea ice extent down 6% from average, marking the second lowest for June in 47 years of satellite records [1][2] - The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) reports that high temperatures are occurring earlier in the year, with Europe experiencing record-breaking heat, including temperatures exceeding 40 degrees Celsius in multiple countries [2][3] - The extreme heat is attributed to climate change, leading to more frequent and intense heat waves, which pose significant challenges to public health and infrastructure [4][5] Group 1 - The heat wave affecting Europe originated from Africa, creating a "heat dome" effect that compresses air near the surface, resulting in increased temperatures [4] - Countries are implementing emergency measures to cope with the heat, including school closures, remote work policies, and the establishment of cooling centers for vulnerable populations [5][6] - Vulnerable groups, such as outdoor workers, the elderly, and children, face serious health risks during extreme heat events, necessitating public health strategies and early warning systems [6][7] Group 2 - The WMO emphasizes the need for accelerated climate action, focusing on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing resilience to extreme weather [7][8] - The upcoming COP30 conference in Brazil is expected to address national climate action plans and support for developing countries in combating climate change [8]

Core Points - Europe is experiencing extreme heat waves leading to increased air pollution, heightened wildfire risks, and significant disruptions to daily life [1][10] - The heat wave is attributed to a high-pressure system originating from Africa, creating a "heat dome" effect that compresses air and raises temperatures [10][12] Group 1: Temperature Records and Alerts - Southern Spain recorded temperatures of 46 degrees Celsius, while much of France was under heat alerts with temperatures exceeding 40 degrees Celsius [2] - Austria, Bosnia, Serbia, and Slovenia issued red alerts due to ongoing high temperatures, with many regions experiencing record heat for June [2] Group 2: Wildfires and Emergency Responses - Severe wildfires erupted in Greece, particularly around Athens and Crete, forcing over 5,000 individuals to evacuate [3] - Germany declared a state of emergency in multiple regions due to wildfires, with significant areas affected, including approximately 1,000 hectares in the Görlitz area [4][5] Group 3: Health and Infrastructure Impact - Italy reported multiple deaths linked to high temperatures, with 18 cities under "red alert" for heat, indicating health risks even for healthy adults [7][9] - High temperatures have caused power outages in cities like Florence and Bergamo, and road surfaces in northern Italy have cracked due to heat [9] Group 4: Climate Change Implications - The World Meteorological Organization noted that extreme heat events are becoming more frequent and intense due to climate change, emphasizing the need for public safety measures [12] - Experts warn that the Mediterranean region is warming rapidly, which could lead to more severe weather events in the future if emissions reduction measures are not implemented [12]

Core Findings - A recent study indicates that urban nighttime lighting significantly extends the growing season of vegetation in cities compared to rural areas, with an extension of up to three weeks [1][3] - The research, led by scholars from Wuhan University and Vanderbilt University, highlights that the impact of nighttime lighting on vegetation growth is greater than that of urban heat island effects [1][4] Urbanization and Vegetation Growth - The study analyzed satellite data from 428 cities in the Northern Hemisphere over seven years, revealing that urban nighttime light intensity has increased by an average of 10% over the past decade [1][3] - Vegetation in urban areas tends to sprout and bloom earlier and change color later in the fall compared to rural areas, with the average start date of the growing season in cities being 12.6 days earlier and the end date 11.2 days later than in surrounding rural regions [3][4] Regional Differences - The study found variations in the growing season patterns across continents, with Europe experiencing the earliest start to the growing season, followed by Asia and North America [4] - The influence of nighttime lighting on the start of the growing season is stronger in temperate climates with dry summers and cold climates without dry seasons, while the impact on the end of the growing season is more consistent across cities [4] Future Considerations - The transition from high-pressure sodium lamps to LED lighting in many cities complicates the effects of nighttime lighting on vegetation growth, as plants may respond differently to LED illumination [4] - The researchers emphasize the need to consider both urban heat island effects and nighttime lighting when assessing the impact of urbanization on vegetation ecosystems [4]