新华社巴黎2月26日电（记者罗毓）法国国家健康与医学研究院近日发布新闻公报说，巴黎绿化程度较 高的区域在高温时期的居民死亡风险更低，绿地稀少且热岛效应较强的区域则相反。 公报说，由于气候变化和城市热岛效应等因素影响，巴黎被认为是欧洲高温相关超额死亡风险最高的城 市之一。 法国国家健康与医学研究院等机构研究人员统计了巴黎各个行政区的高温相关超额死亡数据，并将其与 建筑和植被等环境特征以及社会经济指标进行交叉分析，相关数据覆盖2008年至2017年时间段。 结果显示，绿地有助于降低高温相关超额死亡风险。树木、公园、花园或屋顶绿化，都能有效降低相关 区域的气温。在极端高温情况下，树木在降低死亡风险方面比草坪更为有效，原因在于树木的遮阴和蒸 腾作用带来的降温效应。 科研人员指出，植被的降温效应只能部分解释其对巴黎居民健康的保护作用，减少污染、改善心态等因 素可能发挥重要作用。 责编：张青津、侯兴川 ...

撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 随着全球气候变化加剧， 热浪 事件愈发频繁，给人类健康带来严重威胁。此外，全球城市化进程导致人为热量排放过多以及不透水表面增加，加剧了 城市热岛 效应 ，从而增加了 高温相关疾病和死亡 风险，尤其是对老年人和有基础疾病的人群。 在此背景下， 绿地 作为有效的自然调节机制，其在减轻高温暴露、改善生活环境质量和降低热浪相关死亡风险方面的潜力日益受到重视。 2026 年 1 月 15 日，中国疾病预防控制中心 周脉耕 研究员、 复旦大学公共卫生学院 阚海东 教授等 （ 复旦大学 何成 、中国疾病预防控制中心 殷鹏 、复旦大 学 陈仁杰 为论文共同第一作者 ） 在 Nature 新子刊 Nature Health 上发表了题为 ： Small accessible urban parks mitigate heat-related mortality 的研究论 文。 该研究 首次在全国范围内系统评估了不同绿地空间配置对热浪相关死亡风险的修饰效应，结果表明， 小型且易达的城市公园，可缓解热浪相关的死亡风险。 越来越多的证据表明，城市的绿地覆盖率能有效调节热浪相关健康风险，但绿地的 ...

明显的温差体现出"城市热岛效应"加剧，为避免高温热浪进一步影响城市安全运行和居民生活品质，鲍 旭炜和卢义耀建议，徐汇区东部的黄浦江、滨江绿地及南部上海植物园、漕河泾港和张家塘港等构成 了"天然冷源"，而北部、西部建成区高楼密集、热岛效应显著，可以从强化"冷源"保护与利用、构建多 层次通风廊道系统、建设全覆盖生态绿网、完善"口袋公园"全季节设计四个方面入手，着力构建城 市"冷源—风廊—绿网"降温系统，缓解热岛强度，降低夏季极端高温影响，逐步建成"通风透气、凉爽 宜人、出门入园"的气候适应性示范区。 刮风会带来较为凉爽的感觉，而有穿堂风的地方最凉快，这是大家的普遍感受，建设风廊也正是基于这 个自然现象。例如，上海夏季以东南风、南风为主，顺应风向的沪闵高架、黄浦江、上海植物园等道 路、河流和绿地就是天然的风廊。不过，由于此前的城市建设布局没有考虑到风廊因素，所以，廊道内 可能会出现高楼等"堵点"，例如沪闵高架形成的风廊在徐家汇就会遇到密集高楼阻碍，影响附近区域的 通风微循环效能。 要让风更好地在区域内流动，他们建议，一方面可以重点打造两条西北—东南向一级主通风廊道："黄 浦江—腹地廊道"（沿龙腾大道/龙华西路延伸） ...

上周末，在一股弱冷空气影响下，天气格局开始发生变化，从此前连续三天阳光明媚的"2字头"， 转为阴沉，没有阳光，气温也显得有气无力，昨天（18日）主城区最高温降至14.5℃。新的一周，寒潮 来袭，雨雪"候场"。 据浙江天气网消息，今天（19日）上午寒潮"前锋"就会抵达浙江，中午起浙中北开始下雨，气温将 进一步下调，夜里浙西北山区的降雨会转换成雨夹雪或雪的状态。 据杭州市气象台消息，明后天（20日—21日）最高气温达1℃～3℃、体感寒冷，周三至周五（21日 —23日）早晨最低气温平原地区为0℃～-2℃、有冰冻，山区-6℃～-3℃、有严重冰冻；22日最高气温略 有升高。 如此低的气温叠加雨雪预报，不少市民朋友关心市区是否能够看见漫天纯雪纷飞？其实，这是一 场"天时地利"的博弈，要同时具备水汽和低温条件，还需考虑近地面气温、城市热岛效应等因素。 市气象台预计，今天（19日）小雨率先上线，随着寒潮带来的降温，到后半夜杭州上空约1500米和 800米的高空中气温均会降到-3℃以下，这样的高空天气形势，已经达到了下雪的气象条件，会开启雨 雪相态转换。 高空够冷、水汽条件也有、时间配合不错，但遗憾的是，由于前期天气偏暖，地面 ...

Group 1 - The climate in northern China is experiencing a significant trend towards "warming and humidification," with increasing temperatures and precipitation levels [4][19][21] - The number of high-temperature days in northern cities has increased dramatically, with some cities like Xinyang seeing a rise from 5 days in 2000 to 35 days in 2022 [11][12][13] - The average annual precipitation in China has been increasing, with an average increase of about 6 millimeters every 10 years from 1961 to 2024 [24][25] Group 2 - The agricultural sector is adapting to the challenges posed by frequent high temperatures and increased rainfall, requiring proactive measures for crop management [30][31] - The cultural heritage sector faces significant threats from climate change, particularly in the preservation of ancient buildings and artifacts, which are vulnerable to increased humidity and temperature fluctuations [32][33][34] - The changing climate is expected to impact various industries, necessitating adaptations to new weather patterns that resemble those of southern China [28][34]

Group 1: Climate Change Impact on Agriculture - The increasing frequency of high temperatures and heavy rainfall is forcing agricultural practitioners to adopt more proactive measures to mitigate challenges [18][19] - High temperatures above 35°C can lead to adverse effects on apple trees, including color changes and deformation, while excessive rainfall can cause root rot and other diseases [19] - Farmers are now closely monitoring weather forecasts to prepare for extreme weather conditions, ensuring timely application of fertilizers and pesticides to protect crops [19] Group 2: Impact on Cultural Heritage Preservation - The increase in rainfall poses significant threats to ancient buildings, particularly wooden structures, which are susceptible to decay in humid conditions [20][21] - The preservation of cultural relics requires continuous environmental monitoring, which is often lacking for lower-tier heritage sites, making them vulnerable to extreme weather [20] - Changes in temperature and humidity directly affect the integrity of murals and wall paintings, leading to deterioration and loss of cultural heritage [21][22] Group 3: Broader Implications for Industries - The shift towards a "warm and humid" climate in northern regions is expected to affect various industries, necessitating adaptations to new weather patterns [22][23] - The changing climate will have direct and indirect impacts on every sector and individual, highlighting the need for comprehensive strategies to address these challenges [22][23]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the correlation between urban work hours and the occurrence of heavy rainfall, particularly during the summer months in China, highlighting how urbanization and human activities exacerbate this phenomenon [6][10][15]. Group 1: Rainfall Patterns and Timing - Statistical data from the China Meteorological Administration indicates that the peak intensity of summer rainfall in China occurs between 5 PM and 8 PM, coinciding with the end of the workday for many employees [6][12]. - Regions such as South China, Northeast China, North China, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River experience the highest rainfall during this time, particularly short-duration heavy rain lasting 1-3 hours [6][9]. Group 2: Urban Heat Island Effect - The urban heat island effect contributes to higher temperatures in cities, which in turn increases the likelihood of heavy rainfall during the evening hours due to the accumulation of heat and humidity [10][14]. - The presence of large buildings in urban areas retains heat, creating a "thermal blanket" effect that raises local temperatures significantly above surrounding areas [10][14]. Group 3: Impact of Urbanization - Rapid urbanization has led to a doubling of extreme hourly rainfall rates in regions like the Pearl River Delta since 1994, compared to the period before urbanization began [13][16]. - The frequency of extreme rainfall events has increased in urban areas compared to surrounding rural regions, indicating a direct correlation between urbanization levels and rainfall intensity [13][18]. Group 4: Human Activities and Pollution - Human activities during weekdays, such as increased vehicular traffic and industrial operations, intensify the urban heat island effect and contribute to higher pollution levels, which are linked to increased thunderstorm activity [15][19]. - Air pollution can alter rainfall patterns by affecting cloud formation and precipitation processes, leading to more intense and severe thunderstorms [16][19].

Core Viewpoint - The Shandong Meteorological Bureau has issued a yellow high-temperature warning, predicting temperatures above 35°C in inland areas from August 19 to 23 due to the influence of the subtropical high-pressure system [1]. Summary by Relevant Sections High-Temperature Forecast - From August 19 to 23, inland areas of Shandong are expected to experience high temperatures ranging from 35°C to 39°C, with some areas potentially reaching 40°C. Coastal regions will see temperatures between 30°C and 34°C [1]. Daily Weather Conditions - On August 19, cities such as Liaocheng, Dezhou (eastern), Binzhou (southern), Dongying (southern), Jinan, Zibo, Weifang, Tai'an, Heze, Jining, Zaozhuang, Linyi, Rizhao, and northern Qingdao will have temperatures between 35°C and 37°C, while other areas will range from 30°C to 34°C. The forecast for August 20 to 22 indicates similar high temperatures in inland areas [4][6][9]. Weather Patterns and Influences - The formation of high temperatures is attributed to specific weather systems, particularly the subtropical high-pressure system, which is known as a "messenger of high temperatures." Urban heat island effects and global warming are also contributing factors to the increasing frequency of extreme heat events [11].

Group 1 - The article discusses the varying perceptions of rainfall despite identical measurements, emphasizing that the impact of rainfall is closely related to its intensity and duration [1][2] - It explains that a rainfall amount of 70 millimeters can have drastically different effects depending on whether it falls in a short period or is spread out over a longer duration, with urban drainage systems playing a critical role in managing excess water [1][3] - The article highlights that regional climate differences affect how rainfall is perceived, with the same amount of rain being considered extreme in one area but normal in another, illustrating the subjective nature of weather events [2][3] Group 2 - The article notes that geographical factors, such as soil type and urban infrastructure, significantly influence the consequences of rainfall, with areas prone to flooding or landslides being particularly vulnerable [3] - It mentions that global warming is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events, necessitating adaptive strategies for disaster prevention and mitigation [3]

Core Points - The article discusses the recent surge in cicada populations and their impact on urban life, particularly in northern cities experiencing extreme weather conditions [4][5][6] - It highlights the relationship between cicada behavior and environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and light, which have contributed to their increased activity this summer [7][45][52] - The phenomenon is linked to broader ecological changes and climate variations, indicating a shift in species behavior and interactions with human environments [70][71][92] Group 1 - The cicada has become a prominent symbol of summer, with its presence compared to extreme heat and weather conditions [4][5] - Increased cicada noise levels are attributed to environmental changes, with estimates suggesting a 3-5 times increase in cicada populations compared to previous years [29][45] - The article notes that cicadas are sensitive to temperature and humidity, which influence their mating calls and behaviors [48][50][52] Group 2 - The cicada's life cycle and population dynamics are affected by climate change, with overlapping life cycles leading to significant population surges [28][32][70] - Urbanization and changes in green spaces, such as the planting of cicada-preferred trees, have contributed to the increased cicada presence in cities [60][62][64] - The article emphasizes the interconnectedness of human activities, climate change, and ecological systems, showcasing how these factors influence cicada behavior and urban experiences [71][93][96]