Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the comprehensive interaction between cancer and the human body, emphasizing that cancer is not merely a localized tumor but a systemic disease that hijacks the nervous, immune, and metabolic systems to create a favorable environment for its progression [6]. Group 1: Tumor Microenvironment (TME) - The review highlights the role of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in regulating metabolic processes and immune cell functions within the TME [4]. - Sympathetic nerves accelerate tumor growth by releasing norepinephrine, which enhances glycolysis and angiogenesis while suppressing CD8+ T cells, creating an immunosuppressive environment [9]. - Sensory nerves, particularly pain-sensing neurons, can both signal the presence of tumors and be exploited by tumors to suppress immune responses through the release of CGRP [10]. - The role of the parasympathetic nervous system remains complex, with evidence suggesting both pro-cancer and potential anti-cancer effects, influencing immune cell functions [12]. Group 2: Tumor Macroenvironment (TMaE) - The article explains how tumors can hijack the brain's metabolic centers, leading to cachexia in late-stage patients, characterized by severe weight loss and fatigue due to the tumor's influence on appetite and metabolism [20]. - Tumors can activate or inhibit neurons in the hypothalamus, which serves as a central regulator of immune responses, indicating that tumors can control the body's immune "master switch" [21][22]. Group 3: Future Therapeutic Strategies - The article suggests new therapeutic approaches, including the use of beta-blockers to disrupt sympathetic signaling and CGRP receptor antagonists to alleviate cancer pain while inhibiting tumor growth [26]. - Precision neuro-modulation techniques, such as selective nerve ablation or advanced genetic and optical methods, are proposed as promising future directions [26]. - A comprehensive treatment strategy is recommended, focusing on both attacking the tumor and repairing the hijacked nervous, immune, and metabolic networks, treating the tumor-host interaction as an integrated ecosystem [26].

Core Points - The National Health Commission has issued standards for hypertension management in primary healthcare institutions, detailing equipment, medication, management processes, and technical guidelines [1][2]. Equipment Configuration - All primary healthcare institutions must be equipped with upper-arm electronic sphygmomanometers, height and weight scales, and measuring tapes, with regular calibration of blood pressure monitors [1]. - Community health service centers and township hospitals should also have blood routine analyzers, urine routine analyzers, biochemical analyzers, and electrocardiograms [1]. Medication Assurance - Primary healthcare institutions are required to stock at least five categories of antihypertensive medications: ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, thiazide diuretics, and beta-blockers [1]. Screening and Prevention - The standards specify screening for hypertension through routine consultations, health check-ups, and community screenings, with blood pressure measurements for adults aged 18 and above during their first outpatient visit each year [1]. - For diagnosed hypertension patients, personalized lifestyle guidance is recommended, including dietary adjustments (reducing sodium and increasing potassium), weight control, regular exercise, smoking cessation, alcohol moderation, stress reduction, and maintaining healthy sleep [1]. Lifestyle Intervention - Based on individual patient conditions, antihypertensive medications should be selected and adjusted to achieve stable blood pressure control within three months [2]. - Patients with other modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, such as high blood sugar and dyslipidemia, should also receive active treatment [2]. Implementation Timeline - The standards will be applicable to township hospitals, community health service centers, and village clinics for managing adult hypertension patients starting from March 1, 2026 [2].

Core Insights - The relationship between psychological factors, particularly stress, and cancer progression is gaining renewed interest, with evidence suggesting that stress can negatively impact tumor growth and metastasis [2][3][4][10]. Group 1: Historical Context and Research Background - Historical perspectives on the link between mental health and cancer date back to ancient Greek physicians, who believed that melancholia could lead to cancer [1]. - Modern research has largely dismissed the idea of a cancer-prone personality but acknowledges that psychological factors can influence cancer risk and outcomes [1][2]. Group 2: Mechanisms of Stress Impacting Cancer - Studies indicate that stress alters tumor biology through various mechanisms, including changes in the immune system and inflammatory responses [2][6][10]. - Research has shown that chronic stress can enhance connections between lymph nodes and tumors, facilitating cancer cell spread [5][9]. - Stress can also suppress the activity of immune cells that fight cancer, leading to worse outcomes for patients [6][9]. Group 3: Therapeutic Approaches - Beta-blockers, traditionally used for hypertension, are being explored for their potential benefits in cancer treatment by blocking stress signals [12][14]. - Clinical trials have indicated that patients using beta-blockers may experience better outcomes, including reduced tumor metastasis and improved immune responses [13][14]. - Mind-body interventions, such as yoga and mindfulness, are being tested to see if they can help reduce stress and improve health outcomes for cancer survivors [16][20]. Group 4: Future Directions and Challenges - Larger clinical trials are needed to confirm the efficacy of beta-blockers and other stress-reduction strategies in improving cancer survival rates [18]. - Funding remains a significant barrier to conducting larger studies that could provide more definitive answers regarding the impact of stress management on cancer treatment [18].