Core Points - The article highlights the cultural significance of Guilin during the Anti-Japanese War, showcasing its transformation into a cultural hub with various artistic activities and institutions [1][2][3]. Group 1: Historical Context - Guilin's population surged from 70,000 to over 500,000 during the war, becoming a refuge for those fleeing from conflict [1]. - The city was a target for enemy bombings, yet it became a center for cultural activities, earning the title "Cultural City" [1][2]. Group 2: Cultural Activities - Numerous cultural institutions emerged in Guilin, including nearly 200 bookstores and publishers, over 100 artistic organizations, and more than 10 theaters and cinemas [3]. - The city hosted various cultural events such as lectures, exhibitions, and performances, with a peak during the first Southwest Drama Exhibition in 1944 [3]. Group 3: Educational Initiatives - The "Cave Education" initiative was established by children's groups to educate and entertain during air raids, covering topics like anti-war stories and songs [2]. - The Guangxi Provincial Art Museum, a key cultural site, is set to host events commemorating the 80th anniversary of the Southwest Drama Exhibition in 2024 [2]. Group 4: Theatrical Contributions - The first Southwest Drama Exhibition opened on February 15, 1944, with a focus on the contributions of theater to the war effort [4]. - The event brought together over a thousand theater workers from eight provinces to reflect on the achievements of the theatrical movement during the war [4].

Core Viewpoint - The articles highlight the significant role of traditional Chinese opera, particularly the performances of Mei Lanfang, Shang Xiaoyun, Cheng Yanqun, and Xun Huisheng, in promoting national spirit and resistance against Japanese aggression during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Their works served as a cultural rallying point for the Chinese people, inspiring patriotism and resilience against foreign invaders [1][4][10]. Group 1: Mei Lanfang's Contributions - Mei Lanfang's opera "Anti-Gold Soldiers" was a powerful artistic expression that encouraged the public to resist Japanese aggression, drawing parallels between historical invasions and contemporary struggles [4][5]. - The performance of "Anti-Gold Soldiers" in Shanghai moved audiences to tears and was met with overwhelming demand, indicating its impact on the public sentiment during the war [4][6]. - Mei Lanfang's later work, "Life and Death Hate," further emphasized the suffering caused by invaders and the spirit of resistance, becoming a significant cultural symbol during the war [5][6]. Group 2: Shang Xiaoyun's Role - Shang Xiaoyun's performance of "Liang Hongyu" in Beijing paralleled Mei Lanfang's work, showcasing the same themes of resistance and national pride through the character of Liang Hongyu [7][9]. - The opera highlighted the martial prowess of Liang Hongyu, reinforcing the message of courage and determination against foreign threats [9]. Group 3: Cheng Yanqun's Stance - Cheng Yanqun's refusal to participate in a propaganda performance for the Japanese occupiers exemplified the strong anti-Japanese sentiment among artists, showcasing a commitment to national integrity [10][12]. - Following an attack by Japanese agents, Cheng Yanqun chose to abandon the stage and work as a farmer, demonstrating personal sacrifice for the greater good [12]. Group 4: Xun Huisheng's Contributions - Xun Huisheng created the opera "Xun Guanniang," which combined elements of drama and martial arts to convey a message of patriotism and resistance, achieving popularity and contributing to the anti-Japanese narrative [13][14].