Core Viewpoint - The articles highlight the significant role of traditional Chinese opera, particularly the performances of Mei Lanfang, Shang Xiaoyun, Cheng Yanqun, and Xun Huisheng, in promoting national spirit and resistance against Japanese aggression during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Their works served as a cultural rallying point for the Chinese people, inspiring patriotism and resilience against foreign invaders [1][4][10]. Group 1: Mei Lanfang's Contributions - Mei Lanfang's opera "Anti-Gold Soldiers" was a powerful artistic expression that encouraged the public to resist Japanese aggression, drawing parallels between historical invasions and contemporary struggles [4][5]. - The performance of "Anti-Gold Soldiers" in Shanghai moved audiences to tears and was met with overwhelming demand, indicating its impact on the public sentiment during the war [4][6]. - Mei Lanfang's later work, "Life and Death Hate," further emphasized the suffering caused by invaders and the spirit of resistance, becoming a significant cultural symbol during the war [5][6]. Group 2: Shang Xiaoyun's Role - Shang Xiaoyun's performance of "Liang Hongyu" in Beijing paralleled Mei Lanfang's work, showcasing the same themes of resistance and national pride through the character of Liang Hongyu [7][9]. - The opera highlighted the martial prowess of Liang Hongyu, reinforcing the message of courage and determination against foreign threats [9]. Group 3: Cheng Yanqun's Stance - Cheng Yanqun's refusal to participate in a propaganda performance for the Japanese occupiers exemplified the strong anti-Japanese sentiment among artists, showcasing a commitment to national integrity [10][12]. - Following an attack by Japanese agents, Cheng Yanqun chose to abandon the stage and work as a farmer, demonstrating personal sacrifice for the greater good [12]. Group 4: Xun Huisheng's Contributions - Xun Huisheng created the opera "Xun Guanniang," which combined elements of drama and martial arts to convey a message of patriotism and resistance, achieving popularity and contributing to the anti-Japanese narrative [13][14].

Group 1 - Huang Daopo is credited with improving hand-spinning cotton textile technology and tools, significantly enhancing the quality and yield of cotton fabric, which transformed the traditional dressing habits in China [1] - The three-spindle spinning wheel innovated by Huang Daopo was considered the most advanced spinning tool in the world at that time, predating similar developments in Western Europe by over 400 years [1] Group 2 - Tao Zongyi, through his notes in "Nan Cun Chuo Geng Lu," documented the contributions of Huang Daopo and the advancements in cotton spinning technology, preserving valuable historical information that might have otherwise been lost [2] - "Nan Cun Chuo Geng Lu" consists of 30 volumes and includes a wide range of topics, from government regulations to folk anecdotes, thus serving as a significant historical resource [3] Group 3 - The book records 585 events, covering various aspects of society, including the establishment of government institutions and cultural practices, which provide insights into the real conditions of the era [3] - Specific entries, such as the account of "Killing Tiger Zhang," illustrate social issues like the prevalence of tigers and the encouragement of hunting by the government during the Yuan dynasty [4] Group 4 - The narrative of Cheng Pengju and his wife highlights the practice of "captured marriage" during the Mongol invasions, reflecting the social dynamics of the time [5] - The book also contains valuable records related to traditional Chinese medicine, performing arts, and daily life, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the Yuan dynasty's culture [6]