当PDRN成分席卷美妆市场时，与之相关的14大衰老标志之一的「线粒体抗衰」却仍未迎来爆发时刻。这座掌控95%细胞能量的「生命工厂」，为何难以叩 开消费者的认知大门？但美妆巨头们的科研竞赛，正把战场推向细胞能量的最深处。 深度科普：线粒体功能障碍如何导致皮肤衰老？ 在微观的世界里，线粒体的"一呼一吸"对皮肤乃至整个人体的健康产生重要的影响。 早在2013年，《Cell》期刊便将"线粒体功能障碍"列为衰老的九大标志物之一，推动其研究从狭义的线粒体DNA（mtDNA）遗传病拓展至广义的与线粒体功 能障碍相关的疾病谱研究。线粒体作为皮肤细胞的能量工厂，为细胞活动提供95%的能量货币ATP，而皮肤抗氧化的核心——自由基（ROS）同样是能量生 产活动的副产物。 但想要入局线粒体抗老这一前沿技术赛道，首先要了解线粒体的工作和生存机制。 作为细胞呼吸的关键参与者和能量生产的"能量工厂"，双膜结构细胞器——线粒体对于维持细胞生存和发挥正常生理作用至关重要。 线粒体通过电子传递链（ETC）和三羧酸循环，将有机物质如葡萄糖等被氧化产生大量的三磷酸腺苷（Adenosine Triphosphate，ATP）[1]。 同时，线粒体还有 ...

美国加州大学洛杉矶分校博德干细胞研究中心和丹麦奥胡斯大学科学家合作，首次从一种名为灰鼠 狐猴的小型灵长类动物体内分离出成体干细胞。这一成果为开发更接近人类临床需求的干细胞疗法铺平 了道路。相关论文发表于新一期《自然·通讯》。 尽管干细胞被誉为再生医学的"万能钥匙"，但目前已获批的干细胞疗法寥寥无几。究其原因，许多 在小鼠实验中表现优异的疗法，在人类临床试验中却收效甚微。而这一困境的破解之道，或许藏在马达 加斯加特有的灰鼠狐猴身上。 研究团队不仅成功分离出肌肉干细胞和间充质干细胞，还发现这些细胞的行为模式与人类干细胞相 似，而与小鼠干细胞大相径庭。研究显示，灰鼠狐猴的干细胞与人类的生物学相似度远超实验室常用的 小鼠模型。这意味着，基于此类灵长类动物开发的疗法，可能更适用于人类。 通过创新算法对比分析，研究团队证实灰鼠狐猴的肌肉组织在微观结构上与人类高度相似，其肌肉 干细胞的分裂速度也快于小鼠的肌肉干细胞，更接近人类干细胞。此外，灰鼠狐猴与人类肌肉干细胞产 生的亚精胺（一种维持细胞功能的关键物质）水平较低，而补充亚精胺可显著增强细胞分裂能力——这 一发现即将在丹麦开展人体临床试验。而且，灰鼠狐猴肌肉组织中含有与人 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the innovative production and application of spermidine, a natural polyamine with significant potential in anti-aging and cardiovascular disease prevention, through synthetic biology techniques developed by a research team at Sichuan University [1][2]. Group 1: Spermidine Production Challenges - Spermidine is recognized as a promising bioactive molecule, but its high production costs have hindered large-scale industrial application [1][2]. - Traditional extraction methods yield low purity (only 1% from wheat germ) and are inefficient, while chemical synthesis is costly, leading to market domination by foreign companies [2][3]. Group 2: Technological Innovations - The research team employs machine learning algorithms to simulate yeast metabolic networks, significantly enhancing spermidine synthesis efficiency [3]. - A breakthrough in the discovery of an extracellular secretion mechanism allows spermidine to be actively expelled from cells, reducing energy consumption and improving purity during extraction [4]. Group 3: Industry Collaboration and Education - The collaboration between academia and industry enables students to engage in practical applications, bridging the gap between laboratory research and market needs [4][8]. - The establishment of a project-based learning model in universities aims to cultivate versatile talents for the industry [4][9]. Group 4: Market Potential and Policy Support - Spermidine is positioned to drive multiple billion-dollar industries, with ongoing clinical trials in the pharmaceutical sector and product development in the food industry [6][7]. - Chengdu is emerging as a hub for synthetic biology, with supportive policies from various provinces to facilitate technology transfer and commercialization [7][8]. Group 5: Future Outlook - The global economic impact of synthetic biology is projected to yield $2-4 trillion annually between 2030 and 2040, indicating a significant opportunity for industries leveraging these technologies [6]. - The integration of academic research, industry needs, and supportive policies is expected to enhance the domestic production of critical bioactive substances like spermidine, contributing to public health initiatives [8][9].

Core Viewpoint - The research team at Sichuan University is leveraging synthetic biology to develop a cost-effective production method for spermidine, a natural polyamine with significant applications in anti-aging and cardiovascular disease prevention, which is projected to become a billion-dollar bioactive molecule [2][3]. Group 1: Technology and Innovation - The production of spermidine has been hampered by high costs and technical bottlenecks, with traditional extraction methods yielding only 1% purity and chemical synthesis being prohibitively expensive [3][4]. - The team has utilized machine learning algorithms to simulate yeast metabolic networks, significantly enhancing spermidine synthesis efficiency [4]. - A breakthrough was achieved by discovering an extracellular secretion mechanism that allows spermidine to be actively expelled from cells, improving purity and reducing energy consumption during extraction [5]. Group 2: Market and Application - Spermidine is positioned to drive multiple billion-dollar industries, with products in the food sector entering trial production and clinical trials for cardiovascular disease prevention underway in the pharmaceutical sector [7]. - A report from McKinsey Global Institute indicates that 60% of industrial products could be manufactured using biotechnology, with synthetic biology expected to generate $2-4 trillion in direct economic benefits annually between 2030 and 2040 [7]. Group 3: Policy and Industry Collaboration - Chengdu has emerged as a hub for synthetic biology, with various local governments implementing supportive policies, facilitating the transition from technology to market applications [8]. - The collaboration between universities and enterprises is crucial for addressing real market needs, ensuring that research is aligned with practical applications [9].