广发证券首席经济学家 郭磊 guolei@gf.com.cn 摘要 第一， 2025年4月中国企业经营状况指数（BCI）为50.1，环比下行4.7个点。今年1-3月这一指标连续改 善，反映一季度微观状况的逐步好转，4月属于年内首次回踩。BCI数据在指标设计上已经结合同比，所以季 节性特征并不明显，过去10年同期的环比均值为-0.7，剔除 2022年极值为0.4，4.7个点的环比下行幅度显 然相对偏大，我们理解主要来自关税的影响。 第二， 销售前瞻指数和利润前瞻指数分别为57.3、47.7，环比下行7.8个点和1.7个点，销售的调整幅度相对 更为明显。我们理解这主要源于PPI和利润率本身已经处于周期低位；叠加企业对外部环境变化有一定预期， 可能同步进行成本和费用的收缩。 第三， 与这一情况对应的是，企业库存前瞻指数环比大幅下行5.3个点，即企业在外部环境存在较大不确定性 的情况下，未来审慎预留合意库存水平。这实际上也是没有预期的需求变化和有预期的需求变化之间的区别。 如果是毫无征兆的需求变化，企业生产端来不及调整，库存会被动上升，比如2020年2月，库存指标大幅上 行3.3个点；如果是有一定预期的需求变化，企业 ...

Core Viewpoint - The economic indicators for March show a significant improvement, with EPMI rising 10.6 points to 59.6, marking a seasonal high, and BCI increasing 2 points to 54.8, the highest since June 2023, indicating a potential economic recovery starting from late 2024 [1][5][9]. Economic Indicators - The EPMI data for March indicates a strong upward trend, reaching 59.6, which is the second-highest level for March since 2019, suggesting improved economic conditions [4][5]. - The BCI also reflects a positive economic rhythm, with projections indicating initial recovery in late 2024, followed by a second dip in December and continued improvement in early 2025 [5][9]. Corporate Revenue and Profitability - The improvement in economic sentiment is expected to positively impact corporate revenues, as indicated by the rise in the sales expectation index for March. However, profitability is influenced by both volume and pricing, with a noted decline in the profit expectation index due to falling intermediate goods prices [3][6]. Price Trends - The consumer price forward index continues to rise, reaching a new high since the rebound began, indicating an improving trend in consumer prices. In contrast, the intermediate goods price index has not shown clear signs of recovery, with a decline observed in March after a brief rebound in February [6][7]. Inventory and Financing Environment - Inventory indicators have shown an upward trend, reflecting both proactive and reactive inventory adjustments by industrial enterprises. The BCI inventory forward index aligns with economic sentiment, primarily indicating proactive inventory replenishment [2][7]. - The financing environment index saw significant improvement in March, attributed to a more accommodative monetary policy and increased credit support for private and small enterprises [7][8]. Investment Sentiment - There are concerns regarding investment willingness, as the investment and hiring forward indices showed a decline in March, potentially linked to rising trade protectionism and external uncertainties, such as the recent tariff increases by the U.S. on Chinese products [8][9].