当前，阿尔茨海默病治疗手段比较有限，早期预防至关重要，其中饮食作为可干预的风险指标受到广泛关注。咖啡和茶因富含咖啡因、多酚等 生物活性成分，被认为可能通过抗氧化、抗神经炎症等机制发挥神经保护作用。然而，既往研究结论并不一致。 截图来源：JAMA 研究数据来源于护士健康研究（NHS）和健康专业人员随访研究（HPFS），共纳入131821例基线时无癌症、帕金森病或痴呆的参与者。随访 时间长达43年，通过每2~4年一次的有效食物频率问卷，详细记录了参与者含咖啡因咖啡、无咖啡因咖啡和茶的摄入量。痴呆事件主要通过死 亡记录和医生诊断确认，同时评估了主观认知下降（通过问卷评分，总分0~7分，分数越高表明主观认知功能下降越明显）和客观认知功能。 研究共记录到11033例痴呆事件，校正多种混杂因素（如年龄、教育、生活方式、慢性病史等）后发现，摄入较多的含咖啡因咖啡与更低痴呆 发生风险相关。根据参与者含咖啡因咖啡摄入量从低到高分为4组，相比于含咖啡因咖啡摄入量最少的参与者（330例/10万人-年），摄入量最 多的参与者（141例/10万人-年）发生痴呆风险降低18%（HR=0.82，95%CI：0.76~0.89）、主观认知功 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses a recent study from Harvard University indicating that drinking caffeinated coffee may increase the chances of healthy aging in women [2][3][15] - The research highlights that while coffee consumption is linked to health benefits, the effects are relatively small compared to overall healthy lifestyle choices [12][15] Group 1: Study Overview - The study titled "Caffeine Intake and Healthy Aging in Women" was presented at the NUTRITION 2025 conference [2] - It analyzed data from the Nurses' Health Study, involving 47,513 female participants, focusing on their intake of coffee, tea, and cola [4] - The definition of healthy aging includes living to 70 years or older without major chronic diseases or cognitive impairments [5] Group 2: Key Findings - The average caffeine intake among participants during middle age was 315 mg per day, equivalent to about 3 small cups of coffee [7] - Increased caffeine intake (80 mg/day) was associated with a 5% higher chance of healthy aging and a 2% to 5% increase in the likelihood of being free from major chronic diseases [9][8] - Drinking more than 5 cups of coffee per day showed significant benefits [10] Group 3: Beverage Comparisons - Tea and decaffeinated coffee did not show any correlation with healthy aging [11] - Consuming one additional can of cola (approximately 350 mL) was linked to a 19% decrease in the chances of healthy aging and a 20% to 26% reduction in the likelihood of being free from major chronic diseases [12] Group 4: Recommendations and Future Research - The researchers emphasize moderation, suggesting that up to two cups of coffee per day is safe and potentially beneficial [13] - Future research will focus on specific bioactive compounds in coffee and their interactions with genes and metabolism [14]