新华社伦敦12月18日电（记者郭爽）英国《自然》杂志网站18日刊发文章，展望2026年值得关注的科学 事件，涉及人工智能（AI）、基因编辑、太空探索等多个领域。 文章指出，AI驱动的科学研究将在2026年继续取得重大突破。集成多个大语言模型的AI"智能体"可能会 得到更广泛应用，其中一些甚至几乎不需要人工干预。明年或许会迎来由AI实现的首批具有重大意义 的科学进展，并将出现超越大语言模型的技术，侧重于设计小型AI模型。 在生物医药领域，基因编辑技术发展势头强劲，明年有望启动两项临床试验，旨在为患有罕见遗传疾病 的儿童开发个性化基因疗法。此外，英国一项癌症检测临床试验预计将于明年公布结果，可通过单次血 液检测在症状出现前检测出约50种癌症。 在太空探索方面，文章说，2026年将是月球探索繁忙的一年。中国计划发射嫦娥七号探测器，目标是在 月球南极附近着陆。美国航天局的"阿耳忒弥斯2号"任务将安排4名宇航员乘坐"猎户座"飞船绕月飞行。 除月球探索任务外，日本计划发射火星卫星探测器，造访这颗红色星球的两颗卫星——火卫一和火卫 二。欧洲航天局计划于明年年底发射"柏拉图"号空间望远镜。该望远镜将监测超过20万颗恒星，并有 ...

Core Insights - The article highlights the significance of innovative inventions over the past 25 years, showcasing 25 iconic inventions that have transformed various aspects of human life across multiple fields such as healthcare, digital technology, lifestyle, and exploration [1] Group 1: Healthcare Innovations - NuvaRing, introduced in 2001, expanded contraceptive options for women, with approximately 2 million prescriptions written annually in the U.S. despite past legal challenges [2] - LifeStraw, launched in 2005, is a low-cost ($3) water filtration device that prevents waterborne diseases, benefiting disaster victims and outdoor enthusiasts alike [4] - 23andMe, a personal genetic testing service from 2008, allows individuals to assess their susceptibility to over 90 traits and diseases for $399, having served over 15 million customers [6] - mRNA vaccines, developed during the COVID-19 pandemic, achieved FDA approval in December 2020, breaking previous vaccine development records [8] - Semaglutide, a drug originally for type 2 diabetes, has gained popularity as a weight loss treatment, with about 12% of Americans having tried it [10] - A groundbreaking surgery in 2024 enabled paralyzed patients to regain sensory perception through a brain-implanted microchip [12] Group 2: Digital Innovations - iRobot Roomba, introduced in 2002, revolutionized home cleaning with over 50 million units sold, making vacuuming less burdensome [14] - YouTube, launched in 2005, has grown to host over 20 million daily video uploads, becoming a platform for authentic content [15] - The iPhone, released in 2007, has sold over 3 billion units globally, marking a significant shift in personal technology [17] - Google Street View, initiated in 2007, now covers 12 million miles across 110 countries, allowing virtual exploration of cities [19] - IBM Watson, a supercomputer that gained fame in 2011, performs 800 trillion calculations per second, showcasing early advancements in AI [22] - GPT-4, released in 2023, demonstrated significant improvements in AI capabilities, surpassing 90% of law exam takers [24] Group 3: Lifestyle Innovations - Philips LED bulbs, introduced in 2009, significantly reduced energy consumption, lasting 25,000 hours and winning a $10 million award from the U.S. Department of Energy [26] - Montreal's Bixi bike-sharing system, launched in 2008, became a model for urban bike-sharing initiatives worldwide [28] - Kickstarter, established in 2010, has facilitated over $9 billion in funding for more than 286,000 projects [30] - Tesla Model S, released in 2012, showcased electric vehicles as a desirable option, with a range of 265 miles per charge [32] - Nintendo Switch, launched in 2017, has sold over 153 million units, offering versatile gaming experiences [34] - Fenty Beauty, introduced in 2017, revolutionized the cosmetics industry with 40 foundation shades, promoting inclusivity [36] Group 4: Exploration Tools - The Large Hadron Collider, operational since 2008, seeks answers to fundamental questions about the universe, including the existence of the Higgs boson [39] - The Svalbard Global Seed Vault, established in 2008, stores backup seeds from 6,000 plant species to safeguard against agricultural disasters [41] - NASA's Curiosity rover, active on Mars from 2011, has provided evidence of the planet's potential habitability [44] - The James Webb Space Telescope, launched in 2022, offers unprecedented views of the universe, costing $10 billion and taking over 20 years to complete [46] Group 5: Creative and Entertainment Innovations - Dyson's bladeless fan, introduced in 2009, provides a stylish and efficient cooling solution [48] - The Cronut, a fusion pastry created in 2013, sparked a trend in innovative food combinations [50] - Sphere, a $2.3 billion entertainment venue in Las Vegas, features the world's largest LED screen and is projected to become a top-grossing venue [52] Group 6: Innovation Trends - The article notes that innovation is not evenly distributed, with significant breakthroughs occurring during crisis periods, such as the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic [54] - The cyclical nature of innovation reflects the "S-curve" of technological development, where periods of slow growth are followed by rapid advancements [54] Group 7: Conclusion - The 25 highlighted inventions illustrate the breadth and depth of human innovation, addressing real human needs and pushing civilization forward [55]