Metal Materials - The future focus is on breaking traditional alloy performance limits, evolving towards multifunctional integration and sustainable manufacturing [3] - The industry impact shifts from "structural support" to "functional load-bearing," with metal materials remaining the backbone of high-end equipment [4] Polymer Materials - Advanced high-strength lightweight alloys such as magnesium, aluminum, and titanium alloys achieve "weight reduction and efficiency increase" through nano-precipitation and texture control, with topology optimization and 3D printing of customized alloy components becoming mainstream after 2040 [5] - High-entropy alloys (HEAs) break traditional design thinking with the "cocktail effect," offering high strength, corrosion resistance, and radiation resistance, making them irreplaceable in nuclear reactors and deep-sea equipment [5] - Sustainable metallurgy, including hydrogen metallurgy technology, aims for a metal closed-loop recycling rate exceeding 90% by 2050, reshaping the carbon neutrality path for the steel industry [5] Ceramic Materials - The future focus is on overcoming brittleness to expand applications in energy and aerospace [11] - The industry impact highlights the irreplaceable role of ceramics in aerospace, nuclear energy, and semiconductors, with significant domestic substitution potential [12] Carbon Materials - The future focus is on the industrialization of two-dimensional materials and the rise of carbon-based electronics [15] - China holds 70% of global graphene patents, necessitating a faster transition from laboratory to factory [16] Composite Materials - Graphene is expected to achieve low-cost mass production after 2030, with applications in ultrafast sensors, flexible electrodes, and seawater desalination membranes [17] - Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are candidates for lightweight conductive composites, replacing copper wires [17] - Carbon fiber (CFRP) supports new-generation domestic T1100-grade carbon fiber for large aircraft and hydrogen storage tanks [17] Advanced Materials - Fiber-reinforced resin-based composites (FRP) are key to automotive lightweighting, with carbon fiber costs projected to drop to $10/kg by 2050 [21] - Smart composite materials with embedded sensors enable structural health monitoring [21] Information Materials - The future focus is on supporting computational power explosion and quantum communication [27] - The industry impact directly influences China's chip discourse power in the "post-Moore era" [28] Energy Materials - The future focus is on enhancing energy conversion and storage efficiency [31] - Material costs account for 60% of new energy device expenses, making them critical for achieving carbon neutrality goals [32] Biomedical Materials - The future focus is on personalization and bioactivity [35] - The aging global population creates a trillion-dollar market, with biocompatibility evaluation being a core entry criterion [36] Environmental Materials - The future focus is on pollution control and resource recycling [39] - Environmental policies drive mandatory replacements, with green certification becoming a standard for exports [40] Building Materials - The future focus is on transforming from energy consumers to producers [43] - New materials are seen as breakthroughs for urban carbon neutrality, given that buildings consume 40% of global energy [44] Material Surface Engineering - The future focus is on nanotechnology and multifunctional integrated coatings [47] - The industry impact emphasizes the value of coatings in remanufacturing [48] Material Analysis and Evaluation - The future focus is on AI-driven material analysis combining high-throughput experiments, computational simulations, and AI [51] - The industry impact shifts from "trial and error" to "rational design," reshaping material R&D paradigms [52] Conclusion - Over the next 40 years, material innovation will showcase four main themes: green, intelligent, composite, and precise [54] - The transition from a "material power" to a "material strong power" in China depends on breakthroughs in original basic research, key equipment autonomy, and collaborative ecosystems [56]

"这些石头被人为敲击过。"约翰森的助手指着石块上的贝壳状断口说道。后来的测年显示，这些260万 年前的玄武岩砍砸器，正是南方古猿阿法种使用的工具。从那一刻起，人类与材料的羁绊便写入了文明 的基因——露西们用玄武岩切割兽肉时，绝不会想到，300万年后的子孙会用同样的岩石原理，在火星 上建造基地。 点击 最 下方 关注《材料汇》 ， 点击"❤"和" "并分享 添加 小编微信 ，寻 志同道合 的你 正文 序章：材料是文明的密码本 1974年，埃塞俄比亚的阿法尔谷底，古人类学家唐纳德 ・ 约翰森在沙堆里发现了一截断裂的肱骨。 当 他拂去骨头上的尘埃时，突然注意到旁边还有一块骨盆碎片——这便是后来震惊世界的"露西"化石。更 令人兴奋的是，在化石旁30米处，散落着几块边缘锋利的玄武岩。 燧石：第一个技术奇点 法国拉斯科洞穴的岩壁上，一头长达5米的野牛壁画正凝视着来访的现代人。这头用赤铁矿与炭黑绘制 的巨兽，眼窝处镶嵌着一块打磨光滑的燧石——它既是原始人照明的"灯笼"，也是绘制壁画的"画笔"。 2.6万年前的某个黄昏，一位克罗马农人蹲坐在洞穴深处，左手按住燧石，右手持一根鹿角反复敲击。 随着"咔嗒"一声脆响，一块边缘薄如刀 ...