人民网北京12月15日电 （记者乔业琼）据云南疾控微信公众号消息，冬季是呼吸道感染性疾病的 高发季节，肺结核患者可能由于自身免疫力和防护不到位等原因，面临多种病原体感染的风险，加之冷 空气对呼吸道的刺激，容易出现症状加重的情形。以下防护措施，可以帮助肺结核患者在这个冬天"稳 住呼吸"。 吃动两平衡，作息要规律 运动：冬季可选择八段锦、太极拳等室内温和的运动方式进行锻炼。 饮食：在保证充足的蛋奶摄入基础上，可适当的增加热量，避免吃生冷食物。 作息：应遵循"早睡晚起"的原则，保证每天7-8小时的睡眠，晴天时可晒晒太阳，增强免疫力，保 持阳光心态。 同时，只有坚持规则服用抗结核药物才能有效杀灭体内的结核菌，从而改善呼吸系统症状，提高机 体的抵抗力，因此患者切记不可自行停药，否则引起耐药将导致治疗更加困难。 居家注意通风，外出佩戴口罩 患者居家期间需兼顾室内的保暖与通风，每天可选择气温较高的时段开窗通风，单次通风时长不少 于30分钟，如果空气干燥可用加湿器适当加湿，提升居家期间的舒适度。 尽量减少在雨雪等寒潮天气时外出，如确需外出应佩戴医用外科口罩，这样既可以减少冷空气对呼 吸道的刺激也可以降低其他感染的风险，同时可 ...

Core Points - The article highlights the challenges faced by tuberculosis (TB) patients in rural areas, particularly focusing on economic difficulties, lack of health knowledge, and family dynamics that hinder treatment adherence [1][11][20] - It emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of TB, as well as the need for better healthcare access and education in rural communities [9][10][19] Economic Challenges - Many patients, like the case of a 40-year-old man, abandon treatment due to financial constraints, despite the availability of free TB medications [4][5] - The decline in rural health insurance participation since 2019 has exacerbated the financial burden on families, leading to increased treatment abandonment [5][6] Treatment Adherence - Patients often delay seeking treatment until symptoms worsen, resulting in more severe health complications [3][10] - The article discusses the psychological barriers, such as stigma and fear of discrimination, that prevent patients from adhering to treatment [11][19] Family Dynamics - The lack of family support significantly impacts treatment adherence, as many patients do not receive encouragement or assistance from their families [16][17] - The article illustrates cases where family relationships deteriorate due to the stigma associated with TB, further complicating the patient's situation [18][19] Public Health Implications - The article stresses the need for targeted public health campaigns to raise awareness about TB symptoms and the importance of early treatment [9][10] - It highlights the risk of intra-family transmission of TB, particularly in households with a history of the disease, underscoring the need for preventive measures [20][21]