耐药性已不再是低致病力条件致病病原菌的"专属"。越来越多的高致病性传染病病原菌也出现了耐 药，甚至出现了高耐药克隆株。 在我国40种法定传染病的病原体中，已有结核分枝杆菌、沙门菌、志贺菌等多种病原菌检出"高耐 药菌株"。此外，肺炎支原体、肺炎链球菌等社区获得性肺炎的病原菌也出现对一线治疗药物耐药的情 况。 今天，我们通过"5种高风险耐药病原菌+4种传播途径+3个关键手段"，把防控传染病病原菌耐药的 关键信息一次说清。 5种高风险耐药病原菌 务必警惕 1 利福平耐药结核分枝杆菌 我国是耐多药结核病高负担国家，2024年新发耐多药/利福平耐药结核病患者估算为2.8万人，仅次 于印度，与菲律宾并列为新发耐多药/利福平耐药结核病患者排名第二的国家，防控仍然不能放松。 2 大环内酯类耐药肺炎支原体 肺炎支原体主要经飞沫传播，儿童和青少年以及免疫力低下的老年人是主要的易感人群。近年来， 其对阿奇霉素、克拉霉素等一线治疗药物的耐药率快速攀升。 1 水源传播 3 头孢曲松+阿奇霉素双耐药志贺菌 志贺菌是5岁以下儿童感染性腹泻的常见致病菌。2015年在广西首次发现头孢曲松和阿奇霉素双耐 药的志贺菌，此后，又陆续在多地检出双耐药 ...

Group 1 - The White Dew solar term marks the arrival of autumn and is characterized by increased temperature fluctuations and a greater difference between day and night temperatures [2][3] - It is essential to pay attention to body warmth, especially for the abdomen and feet, to prevent gastrointestinal discomfort [2][3] - Recommendations include layering clothing for temperature regulation and ensuring adequate sleep to enhance immune function [4][5] Group 2 - Dietary adjustments are crucial during the White Dew period, with an emphasis on consuming fresh fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C, as well as foods high in zinc [6][7] - Women experiencing "blood deficiency" should focus on iron-rich foods and avoid cold and spicy items to maintain health [8][9][10] - Moderate exercise is encouraged to improve blood circulation, with specific recommendations for activities like brisk walking and yoga [12][13] Group 3 - The onset of the White Dew period coincides with a rise in respiratory diseases, necessitating awareness and preventive measures [15] - It is advised not to use antibiotics indiscriminately for common colds and to seek symptomatic treatment instead [16] - Post-infection coughs should not be treated with prolonged use of antiviral medications, and patients should monitor symptoms closely [17]

Group 1 - Hainan has become the first province in China to establish regulatory documents for the circulation management of antibacterial drugs, creating a comprehensive management system for the entire process of production, operation, and use of these drugs [1] - The newly introduced regulations detail requirements for sales management, quality management, prescription review, medication guidance, and product traceability, emphasizing the responsibility of enterprises and personnel for drug safety [1] - The regulations aim to prevent the misuse of antibacterial drugs, which can lead to drug abuse and bacterial resistance, by focusing on retail channels and prescription reviews to prevent illegal distribution [1] Group 2 - Hainan has conducted multiple safety actions over the past three years to strengthen drug retail supervision, addressing issues such as illegal drug purchases, improper sales of prescription drugs, and unlicensed pharmacists [2] - The "Clean Source" action this year has inspected 3,342 retail pharmacies, ordered 311 companies to rectify issues, and initiated 99 legal cases, with three cases referred to law enforcement, ensuring stability in the drug circulation market [2] - The province has implemented a drug traceability platform to enhance the transparency of drug sources and destinations in retail pharmacies [2]