Core Viewpoint - The concept of "dead muscle" has emerged in the fitness community, suggesting that muscles developed through traditional bodybuilding are often perceived as inflexible and ineffective, leading to a stigma against those who engage in such training [3][9][14]. Group 1: Perception of "Dead Muscle" - "Dead muscle" refers to muscle that has grown through singular stimulation, resulting in low flexibility and adaptability, which has been a long-standing belief in the fitness community [3][14]. - The term gained popularity after a contestant on a reality show highlighted the limitations of traditional bodybuilding, sparking discussions and challenges in the fitness community [3][5]. - The stereotype suggests that individuals with large muscles are often clumsy and lack agility, reinforcing the notion that bodybuilding is less functional compared to other forms of training [7][9][13]. Group 2: Misunderstandings in Fitness - The perception of "dead muscle" stems from a misunderstanding of fitness goals, where bodybuilding is often compared to athletic training, which includes a broader range of physical capabilities [18][20]. - Many fitness enthusiasts aim for aesthetic improvements rather than athletic performance, and the comparison to athletes is deemed unfair [20][21]. - The fitness community is evolving, with a shift towards more diverse training methods that emphasize functional fitness, reducing the dominance of traditional bodybuilding [21][23]. Group 3: Diversity in Fitness Training - The rise of functional training and various fitness competitions has led to a more inclusive view of fitness, where different training styles are recognized for their unique benefits [21][23]. - Traditional bodybuilding is no longer the sole focus, as new forms of exercise like CrossFit and yoga gain popularity, promoting a more holistic approach to fitness [21][24]. - The narrative around "dead muscle" is challenged by the understanding that all forms of exercise contribute to overall health and fitness, and there should be no hierarchy among different training methods [23][24].

Core Viewpoint - The rising popularity of Pilates is transforming it into a new symbol of middle-class lifestyle, associated with health, self-discipline, and social status [1][3][41]. Group 1: Popularity and Cultural Significance - Pilates has gained immense popularity on social media, with celebrities endorsing it, linking it to ambition and self-discipline [3][5]. - The perception of Pilates as an elegant and sophisticated exercise contrasts with the challenging reality experienced by many practitioners [7][22]. - The term "middle-class exercise" is increasingly used to describe Pilates due to its high costs and the financial commitment required for long-term practice [39][41]. Group 2: Financial Aspects and Market Growth - The average cost of a Pilates session in major cities exceeds 500 RMB, making it a significant financial investment for practitioners [37][39]. - The Pilates market in China is projected to grow, with a current participation rate of 3.5% expected to double by 2029, reaching a market size of 53.8 billion RMB [42][45]. - The high costs associated with Pilates studios, including rent and specialized equipment, contribute to its perception as an elite fitness option [40][41]. Group 3: Consumer Behavior and Motivations - Many practitioners view Pilates as a long-term investment in health and well-being, despite the initial financial burden [49][55]. - The social value of participating in Pilates is significant, as it is seen as a trendy and desirable activity among urban populations [52][56]. - The psychological benefits of regaining control over one's body and life through Pilates practice are emphasized by many participants [55][58].